St.%20Boniface%20Church,%20St.%20Catherine

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St. BonifaceRoman Universalism in North Orange
County

• St. Boniface Church, St. Catherines Academy and
  Associated Roman Catholic Institutions in
  Anaheim, California

Researched and Written by Alex Lamb, Anaheim High
School, Anaheim, CA
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St. Boniface Roman Catholic Church

• German immigrant Roman Catholics followed German
  immigrant Protestants to Anaheim, in Southern
  California, and established St. Boniface Catholic
  Church in 1860. Many of these German immigrants
  had originally come to California to become
  wealthy during the gold rush of 1848-1849.
• The new St. Boniface Church was begun on
  September 1, 1902, at the corner of Lincoln
  Avenue and Harbor Boulevard. It sustained serious
  damage during the Long Beach earthquake of 1933
  and eventually was torn down by the late 1950s.
  The present day church is located one block West
  of Harbor Boulevard on Lincoln Avenue.

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German Roman Catholic Immigration

• The first large wave of German Roman Catholics
  began in the mid 1840s. Most German immigrants
  during this time were more secure economically
  than the Irish Catholic immigrants who were also
  coming into the United States at this time. Most
  German Catholic immigrants were able to purchase
  farms or small businesses, and settled in the Mid
  West and in cities like Chicago, Cincinnati, St.
  Louis, and Milwaukee. A few made their way to
  California, to seek their fortunes in the gold
  fields, or to settle in small farming communities
  like Anaheim.
• American nativist political parties arose like
  the Know-Nothings, which were anti-Catholic,
  anti-immigrant, and believed that immigrants
  would take away the good paying jobs of
  native-born Americans. These nativist and
  anti-Catholic feelings would arise later in
  Anaheim during the 1920s when the Ku Klux Klan
  in Anaheim took control of the city council and
  for a while wielded considerable political
  authority.

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St. Boniface School

• St. Boniface School was established in the 1930s
  to provide Catholic education from Kindergarten
  to Grade 8.
• Several graduates of St. Boniface then went on to
  attend Marywood Girls High School in Anaheim (at
  the corner of Harbor Boulevard and Broadway),
  Mater Dei High School in Santa Ana, or Servite
  High School in Anaheim.
• However, a great many of St. Boniface alumni
  chose to attend Anaheim High School, a public
  school, one block West, at 811 W. Lincoln Avenue.

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Nativism and the Ku Klux Klan in Anaheim During
the 1920s

• Recently arrived newcomers to the city of
• Anaheim from the South and the Mid-West
• brought their ideas of nativism with them
• in the form of the Ku Klux Klan, which
• was fundamentalist Protestant, anti-
• Catholic, anti-foreigner, anti-new scientific
• ideas, and anti alcohol. Anaheim up to this
• time had been predominately Roman
• Catholic, and had a long tradition of
• manufacturing alcoholic beverages such as
• wine and beer. Traditionally, Anaheim was
• the only wet town in Orange County.

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The Ku Klux Klan in Anaheim

• In the mid 1920s, there were Klan
• rallies on the softball field at
• Pearson Park, and a fiery cross was
• placed on the cement walkway
• before the main entrance of St.
• Boniface Church. For a time, the
• Klan gained control of the Anaheim
• City Council. One year, a Klan
• convention was held in Anaheim,
• and one could see the initials
• KIGY (Klansman, I greet you)
• written throughout the city.

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How Was the Klan Finally Defeated?

• The Klan was active in Anaheim from 1922-1927.
• The population of Anaheim during that time was
  less than 10,000 inhabitants. Klan membership
  didnt exceed 300.
• To defeat the Klan, the Knights of Columbus, a
  Catholic organization, created a strategy based
  on obtaining the membership rolls of the Anaheim
  Klan and bringing it out into the open.
• The U.S.A. Club was created to fight the Klan. It
  included Knights of Columbus members, Protestant
  clergymen, and prominent business and
  professional men, such as Ernest Ganahl, owner of
  Ganahl Lumber Company.
• A special election was held on February 3, 1925
  which ousted four members of the Ku Klux Klan
  from the Anaheim City Council.

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St. Boniface Catholic Church Completed in 1903
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The New St. Boniface Church in 1961
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Prominent Members of St. Boniface Catholic
Church, Anaheim

• The Carl Karcher Family Mr. and Mrs. Carl
  Karcher, started the Carls Jr. hamburger
  restaurant chain, and have been generous
  philanthropists.
• The Joseph M. Anton Family The father of Joseph
  Anton, Abdullah, immigrated to Anaheim from
  Lebanon, and was part of the Maronite (Syrian)
  Rite of the Catholic Church. Joseph Anton began
  Antons Food Market on the corner of Lemon and
  Los Angeles Streets (now Anaheim Boulevard).
• The George Garebedian Family George was
  originally from Armenia, and came to Anaheim in
  1915. He began as a hospital custodian, and
  accumulated orange groves in and around Anaheim.
  His son, Richard, attended St. Boniface School,
  Anaheim High School, and became an optometrist.

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Prominent Members of St. Boniface Parish

• The Roman Wisser Family Roman Wisser immigrated
  to Anaheim from the Alsace-Lorraine region of
  France because of the booming wine industry. His
  sons and daughters started Wisser Sporting Goods
  Store on Lincoln Avenue in Anaheim.
• The Ernest Ganahl Family The Ganahls were
  immigrants from Germany, and established Ganahl
  Lumber Company in Anaheim, today consisting of
  several branches. Ernest was instrumental in
  defeating the Klan in the 1920s.
• Dr. John A. Larson, M.D. Dr. Larson was a well
  known and highly regarded general practitioner
  who was the last doctor in Anaheim to make house
  calls. His son, John Jr., also a doctor,
  continues to practice medicine in the Anaheim
  area.

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Prominent Members of St. Boniface Parish

• Rudolph Oscar Monnig Mr. Monnigs ancestors can
  be traced to Germany in the 17th Century. Oscar
  Monnig, a German immigrant to New York City, took
  a boat to St. Louis, Missouri, and took another
  boat up the Missouri River to a German settlement
  called Rhineland, all before 1861. His
  descendants eventually settled in Anaheim, and
  they created the Monnig Floor Covering Company.
  Frank Monnig graduated from Anaheim High School
  in 1967.
• The Joseph Huarte Family Of Basque Spanish
  heritage. Affiliated with the Bastanchury family
  (spring water company). His grandson John was a
  quarterback at the University of Notre Dame,
  where he won the Heismann Trophy in 1962. Members
  of this family were also teachers at Mater Dei
  High School in Santa Ana, and at Marywood Girls
  High School in Anaheim.

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Father John Quatannens of St. Boniface Church -
US Army Chaplain (R)

• Father John Quatannens of St. Boniface, was
  called to duty by the U.S. Army in 1943 as a
  chaplain. He was born in Flanders, Belgium. He
  was one of the first to land at Omaha Beach in
  Normandy, France, on June 6, 1944. He was
  attached to General George S. Pattons 3rd Army,
  and administered to the wounded during the Battle
  of the Bulge from December 16, 1944 to February,
  1945.

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St. Catherines Academy (formerly St.
Catherines Military Academy)

• First built by the German community of Dominican
  Sisters, and opened in 1889, originally as a
  school.
• It is located directly North of St. Boniface
  Catholic Church.
• It became a Roman Catholic orphanage in 1894,
  taking in orphan boys as young as three months.
• The school experienced financial difficulties
  during its first year of operation. An Eastern
  firm offered to buy the property in order to
  build a shoe factory.
• Reverend Mother M. Pia (1854-1925) travelled to
  Anaheim to sign the papers for the final sale. As
  she was approaching St. Catherines from the
  railroad station, a swarm of bees followed her
  carriage. The bees stopped at St. Catherines. In
  those days, bees were thought to bring good luck.
  Mother Superior Pia then decided not to sell the
  property. St. Catherines began to prosper from
  then on. Other Roman Catholic institutions were
  then established in Anaheim Marywood Girls High
  School in 1912, and Servite High School in 1958.

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Sister Johnellen Turner, O.P.,Current Director
of Saint Catherines Academy
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Mother Pia, of the Dominican Sisters, Founder of
Saint Catherines
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Original Main Building, St. Catherines
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Cadet, Saint Catherines Military School, 1920s
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Colonel Bizzell (Commandant) andSister Johnellen
on the Parade Grounds
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St. Catherines Military School 1920s
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St. Catherines Academy
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Educational Philosophy of St. Catherines Academy

• Commandant Colonel Barry Bizzell, U.S.M.C., Ret.,
  states St. Catherines Philosophy We will
  continue to teach leadership, self-discipline,
  honor, and respect through military tradition.

• Ms. Joanna Ronan, Marketing Director of St.
  Catherines Academy says A Catholic school is
  first about promoting peace.

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Hollywood Comes to St. Catherines

• St. Catherines was well known within the
  Hollywood community, and highly regarded. Many in
  the film industry sent their sons to study here.
  It was chosen as the site to make The Private War
  of Major Benson, released in 1955 and starring
  Charlton Heston. The movie was filmed on location.

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Marywood Girls High School (1912), Anaheim,
California
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Servite High School, Anaheim (1958)
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Who Was St. Boniface?

• Saint Boniface was born in England in the late
  7th century CE. He became the official missionary
  to preach the Gospel to the heathen tribes in
  Holland and Germany. Boniface was part of the
  Emperor Charlemagnes plan to convert the pagan
  Germanic tribes to Christianity by force or
  peaceful means.

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St. Boniface was Killed by Germanic Tribes

• He became a bishop in the year 723 CE. In the
  presence of a hostile, pagan crowd, he felled to
  the ground a sacred oak tree of the god Thor, and
  out of this wood he built a Christian church, the
  first in Germany. He planted a young fir tree to
  represent the tree of life. It is believed that
  from this action grew the German custom of the
  Christmas tree.

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St. Boniface and his Holy Ax

• Boniface was later attacked by a group of
  Germanic pagan warriors who objected to his
  forced conversions. He was declared a Saint.
  Today he is the patron saint of the Germans. When
  German Catholics moved to Anaheim in 1857, it was
  natural that their church should be dedicated to
  him.

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Who Was Saint Catherine? (282-305 CE)

• Saint Catherine, the daughter of the governor of
• Alexandria, Egypt, converted to Christianity in
• her late teens. When she attempted to convert the
• Roman Emperor to Christianity, he ordered her
• placed in a prison. She was condemned to death
• on the breaking wheel, an instrument of torture.
• According to legend, the wheel broke when she
• touched it, so she was beheaded. She became a
• symbol of proper Christian behavior and her
• power as an intercessor was renowned. Joan of
• Arc confessed that she communicated with her.
• Her pilgrimage sites included the monastery at
• Mount Sinai, Egypt Rouen, France and Canter-
• bury and Westminster in England.

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The Three Main Pillars of Western Civilization

• The Judeo-Christian Heritage, Greek Rationalism,
  and Roman Universalism

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I. The Judeo-Christian Heritage

• 1. The Jewish sense of historical purpose.
• 2. Gods divine plan was to be revealed to men
  through history (Old and New Testament
  revelations).
• 3. A covenant-contractual relationship between
  God and man implying mutual trust and
  responsibility, and the ethical values coming
  from this covenant.
• 4. The Messiah concept a divine redeemer with a
  divine plan (Christian tradition).

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Examples of Judeo-Christian Heritage

• 1.God-centered relationship, with man as a
  special creature of God with great worth and
  dignity, lord of all earthly creation, but still
  subject to God.

• 2.Equality of all men before God, due to mens
  souls as image of God.
• 3.Mans spiritual, loving soul created by a
  personal, loving God.

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Christ, played by Jeffrey Hunter in King of Kings
(1961)
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II. Greek Rationalism

• 1. There is an underlying order or harmony in
  nature.
• 2. Everything in the everyday world is governed
  by natural laws.
• 3. These natural laws can be understood by human
  reason.
• 4. The emphasis in ancient Greece was on the
  rational part of man.

• EXAMPLES
• The development of knowledge mathematics, the
  natural sciences (astronomy, chemistry, physics).
  This is where order and harmony are believed to
  have always existed.
• The Greeks tried to define the universe in terms
  of scientific and materialistic explanations.
  This orderly, rational explanation of the natural
  world could also be used to explain the behavior
  of human beings, and their place in the world.

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Greek Rationalism Example

• Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727).English
  mathematician and natural philosopher, formulated
  the laws of gravity and motion and the elements
  of differential calculus.

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III. Roman Universalism

• unione verspart alhaving
• ismbelief in.
• 1. The Roman view of the Mediterranean basin as
  One World.
• 2. A single, great, centralized political entity
  known as the Roman Empire.
• 3. A system of universal government run under an
  organized system of laws
• The Roman Law.

• Examples
• The concept of one world. The Holy Roman
  Empire, the United Nations, The European Common
  Market, the Roman Catholic Church
• (catholicusuniversal, general).
• The absolute monarchies and governments of Europe
  in the 17th century.
• 20th century totalitarian governments
• Imperialism in the 18th and 19th centuries.

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SPQR Senatus Populusque Romanus-The Senate and
the People of Rome
38
One WorldConcept The Roman Empire (Roman
Universalism)
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One World Charlemagnes Empire 800 AD
(Frankish Empire)
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Roman Universalism Roman Catholics in the World
(in green) Today
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One World Holy Roman Empire 1100 CE
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One World Napoleons Empire, 1812
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One World European Union (2008)
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The Roman Catholic Church

• Early Christians in the Roman Empire adopted
  Roman political administration and organization
  almost immediately.
• After the Roman (political) Empire fell, the
  Roman Catholic Church was the strongest
  institution in the Western Roman Empire. The
  church continued Roman culture throughout Western
  Europe.
• According to Sir Kenneth Clark, it could be
  argued very convincingly that the Roman Catholic
  Church was solely instrumental in saving Western
  Civilization.
• The monk-scholars of the Church copied and thus
  preserved the ancient manuscripts of Greece,
  ancient Judea, and the early Christians. One
  could argue therefore that the Catholic Church-a
  form of Roman Universalism-saved Western
  Civilization.

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The Roman Catholic Church is Roman Universalism

• Roman Empire

• Roman Catholic Church

• One capital Rome
• One ruler Emperor
• One language Latin
• The state is supreme
• One law Roman law

• One capital Rome
• One ruler The Pope
• One language Latin
• The Church is supreme
• One law Church law

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Who are the Catholics and What do they Believe?

• The term Catholic means universal or whole.
• It is the largest Christian church in the world
  with 1.147 billion people in 2007. Catholics are
  17.40 of the world population.
• The Pope is the head of the Church, and it
  defines its mission as spreading the gospel of
  Jesus Christ, administering the sacraments, and
  exercising charity.
• It teaches that it is the church founded by Jesus
  Christ, its bishops are the successors of
  Christs apostles, and that the Pope is the
  successor to Saint Peter.
• Catholic doctrine maintains that the church is
  infallible when it rigidly teaches a doctrine of
  faith or morals.
• Catholic worship is centered on the Eucharist in
  which the Church teaches bread and wine are
  supernaturally transubstantiated into the body
  and blood of Christ.

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Who are the Catholics and What do they Believe?

• The Churchs hierarchy is headed by the Bishop of
  Rome, the Pope (Holy Father), a position that
  makes him the leader of the worldwide (universal)
  Catholic Church.
• The current Pope is Francis, who was elected on
  March 13, 2013.
• The office of the Pope is known as the Papacy.
  His ecclesiastical jurisdiction if often called
  the Holy See.
• The Roman Curia directly serves the Pope. It is
  the governing body that administers the
  day-to-day business of the Catholic Church.
• The Pope is also the head of state of Vatican
  City State, a sovereign city-state within the
  city of Rome.

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Who are the Catholics, and What do they Believe?

• Following the death or resignation of a Pope,
  members of the College of Cardinals who are under
  age 80 meet in the Sistine Chapel in Rome to
  elect a new Pope. The title of Cardinal is a rank
  of honor bestowed by Popes on certain high
  churchmen such as leaders within the Roman Curia,
  bishops serving in major cities and distinguished
  theologians. Since 1389, only fellow Cardinals
  have been elevated to the position of Pope,
  although theoretically any male Catholic can be
  elected.
• Individual countries, regions, or major cities
  are served by local particular churches known
  as dioceses or eparchies, each supervised by a
  Catholic bishop. Dioceses are further divided
  into numerous individual communities called
  parishes , each staffed by one or more priests,
  deacons, and/or lay ecclesial ministers. Parishes
  are responsible for the day-to-day celebration of
  the sacraments and pastoral care of the Catholic
  laity.

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Who are the Catholics?

• Ordained Catholics, as well as members of the
  laity, may enter into consecrated life as monks
  or nuns.
• A candidate takes vows confirming their desire to
  follow the three evangelical counsels of
  chastity, poverty and obedience.
• Examples of institutes of consecrated life are
  the Benedictines, the Carmelites, the Dominicans,
  the Franciscans, the Missionaries of Charity, and
  the Sisters of Mercy.

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Signal that a new Pope has been Elected

• Once a new Pope has been elected by the College
  of Cardinals, a special paper is burned which
  transmits white smoke.

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A New Pope is Elected

• A conclave of Cardinals elects the new Pope in
  the Sistine Chapel inside Vatican City, in Rome.

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Pope John XXIII (Left) and Pope John Paul II
(Right) were both highly regarded Pontiffs
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Pope Innocent III (1161-1216 CE)

• Innocent III was the most powerful Pope of all
  time, forcing his will upon the leading monarchs
  of Europe, playing off one king against another
  with consummate skill. He was successful in
  excommunicating entire countries unless the
  reigning monarch bent to his will. He instigated
  the 4th Crusade, approved the new Franciscan and
  Dominican Orders, and successfully crushed
  heretics in Southern France.

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St. Peters in Rome, the center of the Roman
Catholic Church

• The Crucifixion of St. Peter by Caravaggio

• St. Peters in Rome, site of St. Peters burial

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Who Are the Dominican Sisters?

• St. Catherines Academy, in St. Boniface parish
  is owned and administered by the Dominican
  Sisters of Mission San Jose.
• What is the difference between a nun and a
  sister? Both Nuns and Sisters are called
  Sister. However, there is a distinction made in
  the Catholic Church which is generally not made
  by the public. Nuns take solemn vows and are
  cloistered, that is, they reside, pray, and work
  within the confines of a monastery. Sisters take
  simple vows and live in a life governed by the
  particular mission, vision, and charisma of the
  respective Orders or Congregations of Sisters.
  Sisters embrace ministries that take them out to
  serve the people in hospitals, schools, parishes,
  social services, etc.

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Who Are the Dominican Sisters, and What is Their
Role at St. Catherines?

• The Dominican Sisters of Mission San Jose are
  inspired by the dedication of Mother Superior Pia
  (1854-1925) who was also responsible for the
  founding of St. Catherines Academy dedicated in
  1889. This order of Sisters was originally from
  Regensburg, Germany.
• According to their website, the Sisters are
  committed to the education of the poor and the
  vulnerable. St Catherines is rooted within the
  Dominican pillars of prayer, study, community,
  and ministry.

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Who Are the Dominican Sisters and What is their
philosophy?

• According to Sister Caroline Monahan (formerly
  Sister Thomas Anne), St. Catherines for boys is
  a mixture of feminine (the Sisters), and
  masculine (the military). The best of the
  military emphasized here is honor, courage,
  leadership, combined with compassion.
• The students are taught to develop a strong sense
  of responsibility and compassion towards each
  other, and to develop a sense of honor and
  strength. They are also taught to become
  attentive to all things around them for the
  ultimate concern of the group as a whole. The
  subject of religion is about integration of faith
  into life through what the Church considers
  universal values. All teachers talk with the boys
  about various situations in order to integrate
  Dominican values and the supreme importance of
  charisma (spirit) and study.

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Who are the Dominicans and what do they believe
in?

• The Dominican Sisters of Mission San Jose follow
  the teachings and philosophy of Saint Dominic
  (1170-1221). According to Sister Caroline
  Monahan, the Dominicans have always dealt with
  the world as it is. Their underlying emphasis is
  upon education. The Sisters at St. Catherines
  follow the Constitution of the Dominican Order
  approved in the year 1217.

St. Dominic, by El Greco
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Saint Dominic and the Dominicans

• The official name of the Dominicans is The Order
  of Preachers. They were a product of the struggle
  against the Albigensians, a heretical sect in
  Southern France. A Spanish priest named Dominic
  organized a group of followers who aimed to live
  saintly lives, by example, in order to persuade
  the Albigensians, or Cathari, to return to the
  Roman Catholic Church. They also engaged in
  preaching and intense education. The heretics
  respected him, but most did not follow him.

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The Albigensians (Cathar/Cathari)

• Albigensians were a group of heretics in
  Southern France. Pope Innocent III originally
  had sent preachers like Saint Dominic to bring
  them back to the Catholic faith. When that
  failed, he called for a crusade, and they were
  destroyed.

Albigensian (Cathar) Cross
61
One of the Last Remaining Strongholds of the
Albigensians (Cathari)
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The Dominican Order

• The Dominican Order evolved out of the small
  group of volunteers who joined Dominic in his
  work to convert the Albigensians. Gradually,
  Dominic came to see the possibility of a far
  greater mission for his followers to preach and
  win converts to the faith throughout the world.
  Their order attracted men of imagination and
  unusual religious dedication who were confronted
  with the stimulating goal of working toward the
  moral regeneration of society by working in the
  world, rather than withdrawing from society. This
  religious order was geared toward working in the
  new European of towns and cities of the High
  Middle Ages, places of new vitality, ideas,
  problems, and social and religious opportunities.
  They successfully fulfilled a need by preaching
  the faith and establishing educational
  institutions.

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The Dominicans

• Their life, strictly regulated and austere,
  included such rigors as regular midnight
  services, total abstinence from meat, frequent
  fasts, and prolonged periods of mandatory
  silence. The entire order was strictly bound by
  the rule of poverty, which Dominic had learned
  from his contemporary, Saint Francis. It was to
  exist through charitable gifts.
• The Dominican order expanded during the course of
  the thirteenth century. Dominican friars carried
  their evangelical activities across Europe, into
  the Holy Land, Central Asia, Tartary (the Mongol
  Empire), Tibet, and China.
• Dominican friars, including such notable scholars
  as St. Albertus Magnus, and St. Thomas Aquinas,
  joined the faculties of universities, and became
  proponents of Aristotelian philosophy. Dominic
  himself insisted that his followers acquire broad
  educations before undertaking their mission of
  preaching, and that each Dominican priory include
  a school of theology.

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Catholic Institutions as Historical Links

• Visitors to the Roman Catholic institutions in
  Anaheim, are witnesses to historical continuity
  and direct links to foundations of Western
  civilization. The Catholic Church applied what it
  calls Roman Universalism as one of the three
  pillars preserving Western Civilization. The
  church propelled itself forward after the Roman
  Empire ended. Besides its function of providing
  for spiritual needs through compassion, charity,
  and hope, the church was an earthly power, a
  corporation, attracting men of the highest
  caliber, intelligence, and imagination. The
  dynamic actions of new religious orders, such as
  the Dominicans and Franciscans, established
  educational institutions and transformed
  learning. According to Sir Kenneth Clark, this
  began in the year 1100 at the start of the High
  Middle Ages, when European civilization
  experienced great progress in organization,
  cooperation, art, philosophy, technology, and
  boundless energy. Clark has argued that Western
  civilization is really a creation of the Catholic
  Church. The church gave Western civilization its
  restless curiosity, constructive thought,
  intellectual energy, scientific inquiry, ability
  to move and to change. It connected humankind
  both with Greece through educational
  institutions, and with God through expressions of
  beauty.