BELLWORK

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BELLWORK

• What was the Great Migration?
• Who was Marcus Garvey?
• What groups in society did the middle Klan
  target? Why?
• What is temperance? Why did people support this?
• What groups in society supported temperance?
• THINKER If the production and consumption of
  soda became illegal in the U.S. how do you think
  people would react? Would you stop drinking it?
  Explain.

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Prohibition

• 18th Amendment passed on January 16, 1920
• Made the manufacture, transportation and sale of
  alcohol illegal.
• Goals
• Eliminate drunkenness and domestic abuse
• Get rid of saloons where prostitution and
  gambling thrived
• Prevent work-related accidents

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Carrie Nation

• One of the biggest supporters of the prohibition
  movement
• Promoted her viewpoint through vandalism
• On many occasions, she would enter a place that
  served alcohol and attack the bar with a hatchet
• Described herself as a bulldog running along at
  the feet of Jesus, barking at what He doesn't
  like

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Prohibitions Effectiveness

• The new amendment was widely ignored.
• It created a bigger contrast between rural and
  urban areas.

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The New Criminal

• Bootlegger supplier of illegal alcohol.
• They would produce their own alcohol or smuggle
  it into the U.S. through Canada and the
  Caribbean.

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Templeton Rye

• Al Capones favorite drink!
• Made in Templeton, Iowa during prohibition
• Main source of income for farmers/citizens
• Extremely popular in Chicago, Omaha, and Kansas
  City
• Capone would send group of men into Templeton
  cemetery to retrieve the supply of alcohol and
  return it to Chicago
• Hid the supply in the tombstone of my great great
  grandpa, Bernard Bruggeman
• Templeton was a small town of 200, and over 100
  were Bruggeman's!

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Consumption

• Bootleggers would secretly supply alcohol to
  restaurants and nightclubs.
• Speakeasies bars that operated illegally.
• Had to have membership to be allowed in these
  underground bars.

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Some speakeasies are disguised behind florists
shops, or behind undertakers coffins. I know
one, right in Broadway, which is entered through
an imitation telephone-box it has excellent
beer. -Paul Morand, 1929
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Speakeasy Video Clips

• Some Like it Hot
• Start at 130
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vo3NRKWEDkDM
• Cities of the Underworld
• New York Secret Societies

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Organized Crime

• The complexity of bootlegging, along with high
  profits, led to the development of organized
  crime.
• Gangsters competed to supply liquor, but clashed
  with other gangs.
• Rival groups fought in the streets with machine
  guns and shot guns.
• The gangs moved into other illegal activities,
  including gambling and prostitution.
• Why do you think the police did not stop this?

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Crime

• Gangsters bribed police and other government
  officials to ignore their illegal operations.
• Gangsters forced local businesses to pay a fee
  for protection.
• If anyone refused, their business or home would
  be blown up.
• Terrified citizens and supporters of prohibition
  were forced to comply with their demands.

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Homicide Rates
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Al Capone

• Al Capone, nicknamed Scarface, was the most
  famous gangster of Chicagos organized crime
  network.
• Capone bought the cooperation of police, city
  officials, politicians, and judges.

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St. Valentines Day Massacre
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Al Capone

• Capone murdered and bribed his way through
  Chicago for a decade.
• He was finally arrested and imprisoned in 1931
  for income-tax evasion.

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All I ever did was supply a demand that was
pretty popular - Al Capone
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• When Prohibition was introduced, I hoped that it
  would be widely supported by public opinion and
  the day would soon come when the evil effects of
  alcohol would be recognized. I have slowly and
  reluctantly come to believe that this has not
  been the result. Instead, drinking has generally
  increased the speakeasy has replaced the saloon
  a vast army of lawbreakers has appeared many of
  our best citizens have openly ignored
  Prohibition respect for the law has been greatly
  lessened and crime has increased to a level
  never seen before.

John Rockefeller 1932
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The End of Prohibition

• Prohibition became more unpopular during the
  Great Depression.
• Congress repealed the 18th Amendment in 1933.
• The 21st Amendment declared an end to
  prohibition.

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Closure

• Why did people support prohibition? Why were
  people against it?
• In your own words, describe a bootlegger and a
  speakeasy.
• How did prohibition lead to an increase in
  criminal activity?
• Who was Al Capone?