BELLWORK

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BELLWORK

• Today, we are going to focus on Medieval
  Mesoamerica and the three civilizations that
  dominated the region Maya, Inca Aztec.
• Read pgs. 90-91 and answer the following
• Describe the background of Mayan civilization
  (when, where, peak, city-states, etc.)
• Explain the Mayan religion. How did they worship
  their gods?
• What advances did the Mayans make in science?
• What advances did the Mayans make in writing?
• Why did Mayan civilization collapse?

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2012 Phenomenon
Long Count Julian Calendar correlation
13.0.0.0.0 August 11, 3114 BCE
1.0.0.0.0 November 13, 2720 BCE
2.0.0.0.0 February 16, 2325 BCE
3.0.0.0.0 May 21, 1931 BCE
4.0.0.0.0 August 23, 1537 BCE
5.0.0.0.0 November 26, 1143 BCE
6.0.0.0.0 February 28, 748 BCE
7.0.0.0.0 June 3, 354 BCE
8.0.0.0.0 September 5, 41 CE
9.0.0.0.0 December 9, 435
10.0.0.0.0 March 13, 830
11.0.0.0.0 June 15, 1224
12.0.0.0.0 September 18, 1618
13.0.0.0.0 December 21, 2012
14.0.0.0.0 March 26, 2407
15.0.0.0.0 June 28, 2801
16.0.0.0.0 October 1, 3195
17.0.0.0.0 January 3, 3590
18.0.0.0.0 April 7, 3984
19.0.0.0.0 July 11, 4378
1.0.0.0.0.0 October 13, 4772

• 12/21/12 is regarded as the end-date of a 5,125
  year long cycle in the Mayan Long Count Calendar.
  
• Others suggest that the 2012 date marks the end
  of the world or a similar catastrophe. Scenarios
  suggested for the end of the world include the
  arrival of a solar maximum, or Earth's collision
  with an object such as a black hole, a passing
  asteroid, or a planet called Nibiru
• Professional Mayan scholars state that
  predictions of collapse are NOT found in any of
  the classic Mayan accounts, and that the idea
  that the Long Count Calendar ends in 2012
  misrepresents Mayan history and culture.
• Most historians believe that this date marks the
  end of an era, and the beginning of a new one

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Ruins in Telum, Mexico
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Ruins in Coba, Mexico (Cancun)
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Native American Empires

• The Mayan collapse started in the 900s AD, but
  by 1300, there was no trace left.
• From the 1300s to the 1500s, two powerful
  civilizations ruled areas of Mexico, Central
  South America
• The Aztec and Inca
• Both were late-comers to power, but within 200
  years they transformed themselves into huge
  empires.
• They developed highly centralized governments,
  became productive farmers, builders, and
  artisans.

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Aztec vs. Inca

• In your notes, create a chart for the two
  civilizations.
• One half of the class will read about the Aztec
  pgs. 164-165
• The other half of the class will read about the
  Inca pgs. 165-166
• As you read, complete your portion of the chart.
• Be ready to discuss!

Aztec Inca
Rise to Power
Describe Empire
Gov. Society
Religion
Decline
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Aztec

• Ancient civilization made up of nomadic hunters
  and warriors who migrated into central Mexico in
  1200s.
• Capital Tenochtitlan
• Their capital was an agricultural center and
  marketplace (caused increase in population)
• Used chinampas artificial islands for farming
• A network of canals and bridges connected the
  mainland with the capital city.
• At the center of Tenochtitlan, the Aztec built
  impressive pyramids, temples, and palaces.

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Aztec

• The Aztec expanded their empire by making good
  alliances and conquering rivals.
• Their civilization was organized as a hierarchy
  divisions based on authority.
• Emperor, nobility, commoners, serfs, and slaves
• Religion was the most important believed
  sacrifices made the gods happy.
• Aztec civilization ended when Spanish forces
  invaded and conquered their land in 1521.

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Inca

• The Inca began as a small tribe competing for
  fertile land in the Andes.
• Established Cuzco as their capital
• In 1438, Pachacuti came to power.
• He expanded the borders to include Peru, Chile,
  and parts of Ecuador, Bolivia, and Argentina.

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Inca

• Pachacuti created a strong central government
  that allowed local rulers to control territories.
• Established an imperial language called Quechua.
• The Inca emperor regulated the lives of common
  people.
• The Inca believed in many gods and had a variety
  of ceremonies to please them (human, animal, food
  sacrifices)
• Inca civilization ended with the Spanish
  conquering South America in 1531.

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Review

• How are the Aztec and Inca similar?
• How are the Aztec and Inca different?

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Unit 2 Review Game