Physical Activity Across the Lifespan

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• Physical Activity Across the Lifespan
• Janet Purath, PhD, APRN, BC
• Michele Shaw, PhD, RN

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Objectives

• Describe physical activity levels across the
  lifespan and across the globe
• Discuss types of physical activity
• Discuss health benefits of physical activity

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Importance of Changing Health Behaviors

• Shift from infectious disease to chronic and/or
  degenerative illnesses emphasizes the need for
  primary, secondary and tertiary prevention
• Healthy behaviors lead to
• Increased longevity
• Reduced disability rates
• Better mental health and cognitive function
• Lower healthcare costs

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Definition and Significance

• Physical activity
• Defined as any bodily movement produced by
  skeletal muscles that requires energy
  expenditure.
• Lack of physical activity is an independent risk
  factor for chronic diseases, and overall is
  estimated to cause 1.9 million deaths globally.
• Source WHO Global Strategy on Diet, Physical
  Activity and Health

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Physical InactivityA Global Public Health
Problem
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Why are people inactive?
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Physical Activity Recommendations

• Everyone should participate in a minimum of 30
  minutes of physical activity every day.
• Young people are encouraged to aim for 60 minutes
  of physical activity per day.

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Modes of Physical Activity

• Lifestyle
• Work
• Leisure
• Household
• Transportation
• Exercise

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Types of Physical Activity

• Aerobic
• Muscle strengthening
• Bone Strengthening
• Balance
• Flexibility

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Risk Populations

• Global trends in physical inactivity are of
  particular concern in certain high risk
  populations Older adults, women and young
  people.
• http//www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/pa/en/inde
  x.html

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Older Adults

• World-wide population is aging.
• By 2030, 55 countries are expected to see their
  65 and older populations at least 20 percent of
  their total.
• By  2040, the global population is projected to
  number 1.3 billion older peopleaccounting for 14
  percent of the total.

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Evidence of Benefits for Older Adults

• Improved
• Function and quality of life
• Balance and strength
• Coordination and motor control
• Flexibility
• Endurance
• Mental health and cognition
• Decreases risk of falls
• More interaction with people of all ages

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Sarcopenia

• Definition
• Consequences
• decreased in resting energy expenditure
• decreased insulin sensitivity
• diminished muscle strength
• increased risk of disability and falls
• increased risk for mortality

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Recommendations

• Older adults should engage
• in moderate intensity activity at least 150
  minutes or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per
  week
• in strength activities 2 or more days per week.
• in balance activity if they have risk for falls
• Source 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for
  Americans

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Physical Activity and Women

• Why is this important?
• Benefits
• Decrease in specific diseases
• Improved mental health and self esteem

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Barriers
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Activity for Low-income and Rural Women
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Physical Activity and Young People

• Why is this important?
• Active children are more likely to grow up to be
  active adults.
• Increased activity positive health outcomes
• Controlling weight
• Decreasing blood pressure
• Lessons risk of diabetes some cancers
• Reduces asthma symptoms and severity
• Psycho-social benefits

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Physical Activity and Young People

• All children ages 2 and older should participate
  in at least 30 minutes of age appropriate
  physical activities every day.
• 5-18 year olds should aim for a minimum of 60
  minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity
  each day.

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Definitions for Young People

• Aerobic
• Muscle Strengthening
• Bone Strengthening

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What activities count?

• Moderate Intensity Aerobic Activities
• Children
• Bicycle riding
• Walking
• Active recreation
• Adolescents
• Yard work or house work
• Playing games involving catching/throwing
• Brisk walking
• Active recreation

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What activities count?

• Vigorous-Intensity Aerobic Activities
• Active games including running chasing
• Bicycling
• Running
• Vigorous Dancing
• Sports (swimming, basketball, soccer)

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What activities count?

• Bone-Strengthening Activities
• Jumping, hopping, skipping
• Running
• Jumping rope
• Sports gymnastics, basketball, volleyball,
  futbol

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Encouraging Physical Activity Among Young People

• Adults as positive role models
• Provide equipment
• Encourage play with friends
• Make activity part of family life
• Require safety (bike helmets, wrist/knee pads,
  traffic issues, environmental considerations)

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Summary

• Increasing Physical Activity across the lifespan
  and across the globe can significantly improve
  world health.

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Contact Information

• Michele Shaw, PhD, RN
• michele_shaw_at_wsu.edu
• Janet Purath, PhD, APRN, BC
• jpurath_at_wsu.edu