The Growth of the Ottoman Empire

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The Growth of the Ottoman Empire

• 1300 - 1683

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Ottoman Beylik, 1300

• Beyliks were small emirates (Muslim
  principalities) goverened by Beys (lords).
• Ghazi warriors (Persians and Turks) attacked the
  weakening Byzantine Empire in an attempt to
  spread Islam
• The Beylik of Osmanoglu became the center of what
  would become the Ottoman Empire

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Beyliks
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1300 - 1359

• Osman I annexed the Beylik of Karesi
• Osman means bone-breaker
• Given the nickname Osman Kara or Osman the
  Black meaning he reached the highest degree of
  manly beauty.
• Declared himself the ruler of the Ottoman Empire

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1359 - 1451

• Ottomans defeated by Tamerlane at the Battle of
  Ankara in 1402. Ottoman territories were divided
  among three rulers
• Mehmed I ruler of Amasya defeated the rulers of
  Bursa and Rumelia, uniting them all under his
  rule
• Made gains in Albania and Hungary

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Mehmed II1451 - 1481

• Took the throne at the age of 12, dethroned by a
  crusade launched by the Pope, the Byzantine
  Empire, and Hungary
• Conquered Constantinople in 1451, ending the
  Byzantine Empire
• Asian conquests include Anatolia
• European conquests include Greece and Belgrade

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Mehmed II Enters Constantinople
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Selim I1512 - 1520

• Dethroned his father and executed his brothers
  and nephews
• Annexed Syria, Palestine, and Egypt after the
  Battle of Chaldiran
• Named himself the Caliph of Islam (Commander of
  the Faithful)

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Suleiman the Magnificient1520 1566

• Belgrade, Rhodes, Hungary, Vienna, North Africa,
  Algeria added to the Empire by Suleiman I
• Also known as Suleiman the Lawgiver because he
  put a new system of laws into place
• A poet and a patron of the arts

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1566 - 1683

• The size of the Empire and the constant strain of
  war begin to take their toll
• Weaker Sultans also weaken the Empire
• Westward growth finally stopped at the Second
  Siege of Vienna (1683)
• Empire begins to reform and solidify its control
  of the territory

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Second Siege of Vienna
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Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire

• The Ottoman Empire fought with the Central Powers
  in World War I
• The Treaty of Lausanne divided the Ottoman world
  into possessions of the Allies
• Syria and Lebanon became French mandates
• Mesopotamia and Palestine became British mandates
• Resistance movements finally led to an
  independent Turkey

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British Mandates
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New Map
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Letter to the Editor

• After approximately three centuries of domination
  by the Turks, the European powers have decided to
  create new countries out of the old Ottoman
  Empire. You and your ethnic group are looking
  forward to having your own country. Write a
  letter to the editor of the Turkish Times
  discussing your hopes and your expectations for
  self-governance.