The Renaissance Italian City States

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The RenaissanceItalian City States
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• Constantinople was conquered by the Ottoman
  Empire in 1453.
• States grew because of loyalty to individual
  lords and the power achieved through trade.
• People had no allegiance to a single ruler.

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Rise of the Italian City-States

• Control by wealthy families
• Florence the Medici (on and off)
• Ferrara the Este
• Mantua the Gonzaga
• Milan the Sforza and the Visconti
• Rimini the Malatesta
• Venice wealthy families elected Doges
• Valencia the Borgias

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• The Borgia family were enemies of the Medicis and
  the Sforzas.
• Marriages were regularly used as trades for power
  and allegiance.
• Pope Alexander VI (Rodrigo Borgia) was pope from
  1492-1503.
• -Accused of crimes like adultery, simony,
  theft, and bribery. (IMPORTANT)
• -Had his daughter marry a Sforza son.

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Firenze and the Medici
Panorama of Firenze
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The Gonzaga family in Mantua
La Piazza Mantova
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The Sforza family in Milan
Castello Sforzesco
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Wealthy families of Venice elected the Doge
The Doges Palace
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Europe 1378
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The Renaissance 1400-1600

• Rebirth of all the arts and culture begins
  in the City-States of Italy
• Wealthy bankers and merchants support artists,
  architects, intellectuals, etc.
• Italian ideals set enduring standards for art in
  the Western world, influenced writers
  architects, and encouraged intellectual pursuits

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Renaissance Cities
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The end of the Renaissance

• Political stress
• France and Spains rivalry over Italy
• City-states passed among various European rulers
  through war, marriage, treaty, death
• The Papacy held on to the Papal States
• Spain the chief power in Italy 1559-1713
• House of Savoy rules Piedmont Sardinia

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Italy 1494
Rivalry of Spain and France over territories in
Italy
By 1544 Spain ruled Sicily, Naples Milan
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Europe 1500
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1600-1815

• Italy remains split into a dozen separate states
  while European nations are forming
• The feudal system lingers on in the south

Europe 1648
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Napoleon conquers Italy in the 1790s

• After his defeat in 1815, most Italian states go
  back to their former rulers
• Lombardy-Venetia to Austria
• Naples and Sicily to Spain

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Napoleonic expansion
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1815 Italy after Napoleon
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The Risorgimento

• Hatred of foreign rule increases
• Liberation movement begun by Giuseppe Mazzini in
  Piedmont with the support of Charles Albert,
  king of Sardinia-Piedmont (House of Savoy)
• Scattered revolts in 1848 were unsuccessful

Giuseppe Mazzini
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Expansion begins

• Under King Victor Emanuel I, son of Charles
  Albert, Count Camillo Cavour, the prime minister,
  made a treaty with France against Austria.

Count Camillo Cavour
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1859 Austria defeated

• Italy gained Lombardy, but Austria kept Venetia

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Expansion continues

• 1859 Plebiscites held in Tuscany, Modena, Parma
  and Emilia. They voted to join
  Sardinia-Piedmont.
• Napoleon III consented, but only after Nice and
  Savoy voted to join France.

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• General Garibaldi drives out the Bourbons from
  Sicily and Naples

General Giuseppe Garibaldi
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Unification of Italy

• 1861 Victor Emanuel II crowned King of Italy
• 1866 Venetia regained from Austria

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1870 Papal States captured

• The French army was assigned to protect the Papal
  States, but was called to join the fighting in
  the Prussian War.
• The Italian army took the opportunity to capture
  the Papal States, thus adding central Italy to
  the union.

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Steps to Unification
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Constitutional Monarchy 1870 - 1922

• Birth of modern Italy
• Heavy taxation to pay war debts
• Parliamentary government new and strange to
  many Italians
• Economic growth supported the changes