Creating the New Nation: Washington and Adams

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Creating the New Nation Washington and Adams
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The World in 1789

• US is surrounded by Monarchies
• US is knee-deep in trade with rest of the world
• This makes isolationism unviable

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The Coming ExplosionThe French Revolution

• France is bankrupt from aiding us
• French King falls from power as a result.
• France vs. Europe ensues 1792-1815
• Who will the US aid?

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The USA in 1789
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America in 1789

• 4 million Americans
• New England 26 of US Population.
• Mid-Atlantic 24 of US Population.
• South 47 of US Population
• West 3 of US Population.

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Establishing a New Government

• Capital New York
• Federalist Party Dominates Government
• Executive Departments
• Attorney General Edmund Randolph
• State Thomas Jefferson
• Treasury Alexander Hamilton
• War Henry Knox
• The Judiciary Act of 1789 creates a Court System
• Supreme Court
• Circuit Courts (Appeals)
• District Courts (Local)

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• US Circuit
• Courts In 1789
• under the
• Judiciary Act

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The Bill of Rights

• 10 Amendments to the Constitution
• Organized by James Madison

• In response to complaints during Ratification
• 2 Amendments don't pass!

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Revenues and Debt

• Raising Revenues
• Tariff Act of 1789 (Trade Tax)
• Tonnage Act of 1789 (Tax on Ship Capacity)

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Alexander Hamilton's Plan

• Create a National Bank
• It Consolidates National Debt with New Bonds
• Excise Taxes Ensure Debt Payments
• Bank Invests to Grow Economy
• PROFIT!!!!
• But Many Fear Corruption, Hate Banks!

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• Alexander
• Hamilton

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Public Order and Foreign RivalsThe West

• 1791-5 War with Natives in Ohio
• US initially whipped in 1791
• Mad Anthony Wayne Organizes Legion of the United
  States
• Victory at Fallen Timbers (1794)
• Treaty of Greenville (1795)
• US gets most of Ohio
• Natives get some money

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Public Order and Foreign RivalsThe Whiskey
Rebellion--1794

• Tax on Whiskey Crushes Pennsylvania
• Farmers Rebel!
• US Army Crushes Rebels
• No More Tax Rebellions

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Public Order and Foreign RivalsBritain and Spain

• War in Europe leads to seizing of our ships
• Jays Treaty (1794)
• Settles issues with Britain
• Treaty of San Lorenzo (1795)
• Settles issues with Spain

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The Birth of Parties

• Federalist vs. Anti-Federalist
• Federalism Triumphant At First
• Jefferson vs. Hamilton
• The National Bank Affair
• Narrow vs. Broad Construction of Constitution

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Rise of Political Parties

• The Democratic-Republicans
• The Citizen Genet Affair
• Democratic-Republican Societies

• Citizen Edmond Genet

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The 1796 Presidential Election
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The John Adams Administration

• The First Partisan Election1796
• Candidates chosen by caucus of party leaders
• Thomas Jefferson vs. John Adams
• Adams is president, but Jefferson is
  vice-president!
• John Adams Cranky, non-partisan, leans
  Federalist but acts on his ideals, even if this
  road to failure

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The Quasi-War with France

• France vs. Britain France seizes US ships to
  Britain
• XYZ Affair US diplomats told to bribe to get to
  see French Foreign Minister, Talleyrand
• Americans go crazy
• Piracy vs. French and vice versa.
• Adams wants peace Federalists want WAR

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The Alien and Sedition Acts

• Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) Limit
  immigration, criticism of government is a CRIME
• Jefferson and HamiltonVirginia and Kentucky
  Resolutions States can nullify Federal laws!
  (States' Rights defense)

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End of War

• Federalists wanted an army under Hamilton
• Adams and Democratic-Republicans didn't trust him
• High taxes for army angers many.
• Franco-American Accord of 1800 Let's just all
  go home and stop
• Army now not needed

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Election of 1800

• Adams vs. Jefferson
• Mud slinging like crazy
• High Taxes hurt Federalists
• Jefferson and Burr tie with 73 Electoral Votes
  Adams definitely loses
• Election to House of Representatives

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Election of 1800