The Restoration Colonies

1
Settlement of the Middle Colonies
2
New York
3
Henry Hudsons Voyages
4
The Dutch Found New Netherland

• 1609- Henry Hudson (employed by the Dutch Govt)
  gave permission to Dutch West India Company to
  colonize New Netherland
• Hoped to expand thriving fur trade
• Capital was called New Amsterdam (Now NYC)

5
A Diverse Colony

• Encouraged Germans, French, Scandinavians and
  Africans (both free and enslaved) to settle.
• Enjoyed a good trade relationship with the Native
  Americans.

6
English Takeover

• To the English, New Netherland had become a
  Dutch wedge.
• King Charles II granted New Netherlands land to
  his brother, the Duke of York
• 1664 ? English soldiers arrived.
• Dutch had little ammunition and poor defenses.
• Stuyvesant forced to surrender without firing a
  shot.

7
New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal Colony

• Renamed New York
• England gained strategic harbor between her
  northern southern colonies.
• England now controlled the Atlantic coast!

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New York City 1673
NYC Coins17c Early 18c
10
Dutch Residue in New York
Early 20c Dutch Revival Building in NYC.
New York Cityseal.

• Names ? Harlem, Brooklyn
• Architecture ? gambrel roof
• Customs ? Easter eggs, Santa Claus, waffles,
  bowling, sleighing, skating, kolf golf.

11
Pennsylvania
12
The Quakers

• Called Quakers because they quaked during
  intense religious practices.
• They offended religious secular leaders in
  England.
• Refused to pay taxes to support the Church of
  England.
• They met without paid clergy
• Believed all were children of God? refused to
  treat the upper classes with deference.
• Dressed plainly
• Addressed them as commoners ? thees/thous.
• Wouldnt take oaths.
• Pacifists.

13
Quaker Meeting
14
William Penn

• 1681 ? he received agrant from king toestablish
  a colony.
• This settled a debt the king owed his father.
• Named Pennsylvania Penns Woodland.
• Penn saw his colony as a holy experiment
• -Called for a representative assembly and freedom
  of religion. Focused on equality, cooperation and
  tolerance
• He sent out paid agents and advertised for
  settlers ? his pamphlets were pretty honest.
• Liberal land policy attracted many immigrants.

15
Royal Land Grant to Penn
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Penn Native Americans

• Bought didnt simply take land from Indians.
• Quakers went among the Indians unarmed.
• Had a court made up of N.A. and Colonists
• BUT.. non-Quaker Europeans flooded PA
• Treated native peoples poorly.
• This undermined the actions of the Quakers!

17
Penns Treaty with the Native Americans
18
Government of Pennsylvania

• Representative assembly elected by landowners.
• No tax-supported church.
• Freedom of worship guaranteed to all.
• Death penalty only for treason murder.
• Compared to 200 capital crimes in England!

19
Pennsylvanian Society

• Attracted many different people
• Religious misfits from other colonies.
• Many different ethnic groups.
• No provision for military defense.
• No restrictions on immigration.
• No slavery!!
• Blue Laws sumptuary laws ? against stage
  plays, cards, dice, excessive hilarity, etc.

A society that gave its citizens economic
opportunity, civil liberty, religious freedom!!
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A Quick Comparison
Virginia New England English Middle Colonies
Virginia Company established in 1608 -Colony is saved by export of tobacco (1612) First African slaves are brought to N. America (1619) Settlers clash with Powhatan tribe (1622) -English Pilgrims establish colony at Plymouth (1620) -English Puritans establish colony in Salem (1630) -Roger Williams is Banished and founds colony in Providence (1635) -Anne Hutchinson is banished for heresy (1638) -Puritans clash with Native Americans in Pequot War (1637) and King Phillips War (1675) -Dutch found colony of New Netherland (1621) -English acquire New Netherland and rename it New York (1664) -William Penn establishes colony of Pennsylvania (1681) -By the mid-1700s, there are 13 English colonies in North America
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Other Colonization.Chapter three wrap-up

• Caribbean-
• Carolinas-
• Mississippi Louisiana-
• New Mexico Florida