Interdependence in the Colonies

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Interdependence in the Colonies

• Chapter 4 Section 1

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Colonial Trade

• Trade became a big part of life in the colonies.
• New England at the center of shipping trade
• Colonial merchant ships followed many different
  trading routes.
• Some directly to England and back
• Others followed routes that became known as the
  triangular trade
• Routes formed a triangle
• Leg 1 sugar molasses from West Indies to New
  England colonies. New England made molasses into
  rum.
• Leg 2 rum and other goods shipped to West Africa
  and traded for enslaved Africans.
• Leg 3 enslaved Africans taken to West Indies
  where they were sold to planters. Profit was
  used to buy more molasses, and the process
  started over.

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Triangular Trade
Triangular Trade Video http//www.youtube.com/wat
ch?vi1Qn0xtboYQfeaturePlayListpA52C7D4058D68C
32playnext1playnext_fromPLindex18
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What was the importance of the Triangular Trade
to the Colonies?
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The Middle Passage

• This was the inhumane part of the triangular
  trade, shipping enslaved Africans to the West
  Indies.

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The Middle Passage
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vMo79PHVI-ck
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New Englands Economy

• Aside from the horrors of the Middle Passage,
  with its trade, shipbuilding, and fishing, New
  Englands economy flourished.
• Population grew and towns and cities developed.

8
English Colonial Rule

• Trouble was brewing in England and in the
  colonies during the 1600s.
• Englands monarchy restored with Charles II, but
  many not satisfied with him.
• James II, Charless successor, attempted to take
  back the powers Parliament had won during the
  English Civil War.
• He also tried to tighten royal control over the
  colonies.

9
The Glorious Revolution

• In 1688, Parliament took action. It forced out
  King James and placed his daughter, Mary and her
  husband William of Orange on the throne of
  England.
• This change, which showed the power of elected
  representatives over the monarch became known as
  the Glorious Revolution.

10
English Bill of Rights

• In 1689, King William and Queen Mary signed this
  document which guaranteed certain basic rights to
  all citizens.
• It later inspired the people who created the
  American Bill of Rights.

English Bill of Rights
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Colonial Government

• The Magna Carte of 1215 signed by King John
  established the principle of limited government,
  in which the power of the king, or government,
  was limited.
• The Magna Carte provided for protection against
  unjust punishment and against the loss of life,
  liberty, or property.
• As the colonies grew, they relied more and more
  on their own governments to make local laws.
• By the 1760s, there were three types of colonies
  in America charter colonies, proprietary
  colonies, and royal colonies.

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Charter Colonies

• Were established by settlers who had been given a
  charter, or a grant of rights and privileges.
• Elected their own governors and members of
  legislature.
• Great Britain had the right to approve the
  governor, but could not veto the acts of
  legislature.

• Connecticut and Rhode Island.

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Proprietary Colonies

• Delaware, Maryland, and Pennsylvania

• Were ruled by proprietors.
• They were individuals or groups to who Britain
  had granted land.
• Proprietors were free to rule as they wished.
• They appointed the governor and members of the
  upper house of the legislature, while colonists
  elected the lower house.

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Royal Colonies

• Georgia, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New
  Jersey, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina,
  and Virginia.
• Britain directly ruled these colonies.
• The king appointed a governor and a council,
  known as the upper house. The colonists elected
  an assembly, called the lower house.
• The governor and the upper house followed
  whatever the Britain leaders told them to do
  this created conflict with the colonists in the
  assembly.

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Voting Rights

• Colonial legislatures gave only some people a
  voice in government.
• Only white men who owned property had the right
  to vote.
• Most women, indentured servants, landless, poor,
  and African Americans could not vote.
• Despite the limits, a higher proportion of people
  were involved in government in the colonies than
  anywhere in the European World.

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The Great Awakening

• Is the name for the most powerful religious
  revival that swept over the colonies throughout
  the 1720s.
• Christian ministers preached throughout the
  colonies, drawing huge crowds.
• The Great Awakening had a lasting effect on the
  way in which the colonists viewed themselves,
  their relationships with each other, and their
  faith.

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Enlightenment Period

• Began in Europe and spread the idea that
  knowledge, reason, and science could improve
  society.
• In the colonies, this period peaked interest in
  science.
• Colonists observed nature, staged experiments,
  and published their findings.
• Benjamin Franklin was the best known American
  Scientist.

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Benjamin Franklin
1706
1790
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Benjamin Franklins Contributions

• At age 24, he published his Poor Richards
  Almanac, a calendar full of advice, philosophy
  and wise sayings like Early to bed, early to
  rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.
• He invented the lightning rod, bifocal glasses,
  and the Franklin stove for heating.
• He served as a statesman and a patriot. He helped
  guide the colonies toward independence.

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Freedom of the Press

• In 1735, John Peter Zenger of New York Weekly
  Journal faced charges of libel for printing a
  critical report about the royal governor of New
  York.
• Andrew Hamilton argued that free speech was a
  basic right of English people and defended
  Zenger.
• The jury found him not guilty.
• This case attracted little attention during this
  time, but today it is regarded as an important
  step in the development of a free press in
  America.