Title: The%20Middle%20Ages%20
1Unit 1 Part 2
- The Middle Ages
- The Renaissance
2Prelude 2 Early Middle Ages
- The Culture of the Middle Ages Renaissance
3Hearing from The Lady and the Unicorn tapestry
(late 15th century)
4Prelude 2 Middle Ages (476 1460) Also called
the Medieval period
Early Middle Ages (to 1000)
- Fall of Roman Empire
- Growth of Christianity (Roman Catholic Church)
- Fuedal Society clergy, nobility, and peasant
classes - Illiterate except clergy (monks monasteries,
nuns - convents) - Patronage (support, employment) for music by
the Church - Art style symbolic, impersonal, iconic
5Sacred Music in the Middle Ages
6Chapter 12. Sacred Music in the Middle Ages
- The Mass
- Ordinary of the Mass
- 5 parts of the worship service that do not change
EVER! - Latin (Vatican II, 1932 1965)
- Proper of the Mass
- 5 parts of the worship service that could be
altered - Would be changed according to feast days,
holidays, baptisms, weddings, funerals, etc
7Ordinary of The Mass
- Kyrie (Greek)
- Lord have mercy
- Christ have mercy
- Lord have mercy
- Gloria
- Glory to God in the highest and in Earth, peace
to men of goodwill. - Credo
- Literally, I Believe
8Ordinary of The Mass
- Sanctus
- Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord God of Hosts.Heaven and
earth are full of Thy glory.Hosanna in the
highest. - Blessed is He that comethin the name of the
Lord.Hosanna in the highest. - Agnus Dei
- Lamb of God,Who takest away the sins of the
world,have mercy upon us.Lamb of God.Grant us
peace.
9Chapter 12. Sacred Music in the Middle Ages
Gregorian Chant (plainchant, plainsong)
- First written music
- Texture Monophonic (choral with no
accompaniment) - Rhythm Nonmetric
- Responsorial (soloist, then chorus)
- Harmony church modes (modal)
- Latin text - syllabic, neumatic, and melismatic
Hildegard of Bingen, Alleluia, O virga mediatrix
10Gregorian Chant Notation
11Text settings for Chant
- Syllabic one note for each word or syllable
- example Row, Row, Row Your Boat
- Neumatic two to four notes per syllable
- example higher range of middle section -
Hildegard, Alleluia - Melismatic many notes per syllable
- example - Gloria from Angels We Have Heard
on High - example - opening of Hildegard,
Alleluia (below)
Melismatic
12Hildegard of Bingen
- German (Holy Roman Empire)
- Founded her own convent
- Scholar writings on science, medicine,
religion, philosophy, poetry, and music -
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14(Notre Dame) Organum
- Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris
- First polyphonic music (non-imitative)
- The development of precise rhythm and pitch
notation - Often based on pre-existing chants (cantus
firmus) - 2-part music by Leonin, 3rd and 4th parts by
Perotin
Cathedral of Notre Dame, Paris (11631235)
Notre Dame School, Guade Maria virgo
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17Prelude 2 The late Middle Ages
- The culture of the middle ages Renaissance
18Prelude 2 Late Middle Ages
- Feudal society ending
- Modern Nation/States, developing (France,
England, etc.) - Opening of East West (trade, cultural exchange)
- Crusades
- Cities first Universities (centers of art and
culture) - Rising influence of Royal Courts Second source
of patronage
19Secular Music in the Middle Ages
20Chapter 13. Secular Music - late Middle Ages
- Ars Nova (new art) music style first in France,
then Italy - Minstrels (ie troubadours, trouveres, etc.)
- Secular dance - instrumental, improvised,
instruments not specified - Secular songs (ie chanson) settings of poetry,
may be monophonic or polyphonic
The Enjoyment of Music 11th, Shorter Edition
21Mauchaut
- French
- Employed by church and royal courts
- Composed Notre Dame Mass (First complete
polyphonic setting of Ordinary) - Sacred music and secular songs (chanson)
Mauchaut, Pius quen oubli (Chanson)
The Enjoyment of Music 11th, Shorter Edition
22 (continued on next page)
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24Prelude 2The Renaissance
- The Culture of the Middle Ages Renaissance
25Prelude 2 The Renaissance1450 - 1600
- Renaissance rebirth or renewal began in
Italy. - Destruction of Constantinople scholars, artists
fled west. - The awakening of intellectual awareness and the
beginning of the modern era (in Western
society) - Humanism focus on human achievements (science,
discovery, ideas, reasoning) - Secularization - focus on daily life, as opposed
to religious ideas - Interest in ancient Greece and Roman culture,
art, philosophy
26Prelude 2 Renaissance
- World exploration (ie Columbus)
- Scientific discovery (ie Galileo)
- Invention of Printing Press increased musical
literacy, amateur musician - (merchant
or middle upper classes) music in home - Art realism (expressive face, poses) sense of
motion and drama, the human nude in
sculpture, (ie daVinci, Michelangelo) - Music as an expressive art.
Mona Lisa, Leonardo da Vinci
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28Renaissance Sacred Music
29Chapter 14. Renaissance Sacred Music
- the Golden Age of a-cappella singing (choir
or voices without instruments) - imitative polyphony dominant (with other
textures) - some based on cantus firmus (pre-existing
melody) - harmony modal but with fuller chords
30Chapter 14. Josquin
- Singer
- Franco-Flemish (northern France)
- Employed royal courts church - Duke of Ferrara
northern Italy, Papal Choir Rome, late in
life returned to France - Motets, masses, and secular chansons
31Chapter 14. Motet
- Most important genre of early polyphonic music
- Sacred music (during the Rennaisance)
- Timbre SATB choir a-cappella
- Texture mostly polyphonic (imitative) with some
homorhythmic
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3414. Renaissance Sacred Music The Reformation
and Counter-Reformation
(Protestant) Reformation (Martin Luther)
- Text in the vernacular (common language)
- More congregational singing
- Hymn tunes - simple melodies, homophonic texture,
(ie Bach) - Pure vocal music (no instruments)
- Text in the traditional Latin
- No secular tunes/influences
- Clarity of text - simplified textures (ie
Palestrina)
Counter-Reformation (Council of Trent)
35Chapter 14. Palestrina
- Italian, organist, and choirmaster
- Employed St. Peters Basilica and Sistine Chapel
- Mostly sacred music Mass the liturgical
music of Roman Catholic Church, (approved by the
Council of Trent) also motets, some secular
madrigals - Style Timbre a-cappella (5 or 6 voices in the
choir) Texture mostly polyphonic with other
textures
Palestrina, Pope Marcellus Mass, Gloria
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38Renaissance Secular Music
39Chapter 15. Renaissance Secular Music
- Professional musicians courts and civic
functions - Merchant-class amateurs music in the home
- Instrumental dance music (instruments not
specified) - Vocal music Chanson and Madrigal
4015. Renaissance Secular MusicThe Italian
Madrigal
- Madrigals began in Italy
- Text based on a secular poem
- Aristocratic court entertainment
- Timbre a few solo voices (ie quartet)
- Word Painting - music style reflecting the
meaning of the text
41Word Painting examplesfrom Monteverdi A un giro
sol (at a single turning glance)
- The breeze laughs all about
- The sea becomes calm
- The sky becomes more radiant
- I alone am sad and weeping, doubtless on the day
you were born, so cruel and wicked, my death
was also born.
The Enjoyment of Music 11th, Shorter Edition
42Chapter 15. Renaissance The English Madrigal
- Elizabethan age of literature (ie Shakespeare)
- Simpler and lighter in style/story, cheerful,
humorous - Refrain syllables (fa-la-la)
- Word-painting (examples - Farmer Fair Phyllis)
43Chapter 15. RenaissanceThe English Madrigal
- John Farmer
- Active in Ireland and England
- Organist and choirmaster
- English madrigals songs
Farmer, Fair Phyllis
Typical pastoral scene, by Zick
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45Susato Three Dances
- Susato Belgium composer
- Set of 3 rondes (rounds)
- Performed by a wind band (instruments not
specified) - Each section in Binary form (A-A-B-B) (C-C-D-D
) (E-E-F-F)
4615. Renaissance Secular Music
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