MUSIC%20OF%20THE%20MIDDLE%20EAST - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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MUSIC%20OF%20THE%20MIDDLE%20EAST

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... tradition of instrumental religious music or religious dance (with exception of some sects) ... theoretical writings about music. Monophonic or heterophinc ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: MUSIC%20OF%20THE%20MIDDLE%20EAST


1
MUSIC OF THE MIDDLE EAST
2
Major Cultural Influences
  • Persian culture (Iran, speak Farsi, adheres to
    Shia interpretation of Islam historic Persian
    Empire)
  • Arabic culture (Saudi Arabia, Syria, Iraq
    Lebanon, Egypt, Kuwait speak Arabic)
  • Turkish culture (Turkey, present day Afghanistan
    speak Turkic historic Ottoman Empire)

3
Major Religions
4
The Ottoman Empire (1299-1922)
5
Persian Empire (550 BC 651 AD)
6
Influence of Islam
  • Arose in Arabia in 7th century was unifying
    force among Arabic tribes. Arabic language and
    culture begin to absorb Persian.

7
Islam and Music
  • Koranic chant. Emphasis on written word (Koran is
    revealed word of God). Koran is important source
    for poetry, literature and song texts.
  • Example of Koranic chant.
  • No tradition of instrumental religious music or
    religious dance (with exception of some sects).

8
Classical Music of Iran
TAR
NEY
KAMANCHE
SANTOUR
ZARB / DONBAK
SETAR
9
Music Theory
  • Dastgah
  • a mode, similar to Greek modes (but not limited
    to half and whole steps)
  • 7 primary, 5 secondary
  • Basis for composition and improvisation
  • Includes pitches, scale patterns, melodic essence
    (motif). Each has descriptive name and associated
    character
  • Gusheh
  • subdivision of a dastgah central nuclear
    melody
  • Radif
  • Repertoire of several hundred melodies or gushehs
    in all 12 dastgahs memorized by students and used
    as basis for improvisation and composition

10
Khandan/Musiqi Continuum
Musiqi
Khandan
Unacceptable
Acceptable
Dance music (esp. belly dance) Highly
rhythmic Precomposed Professional Ensemble Instrum
ental
Chant Unmetered Improvised Amateur Solo Vocal
11
Persian Classical Music
  • Transmitted in private concerts.
  • Role of improvisation.
  • Texture monophonic or heterophonic.
  • Melodies usually ornamented.
  • Tense vocal quality.
  • Section of concert devoted to one dastgah

12
Classical Concerts
  • Section of concert explores a particular dastgah
    (usu. five instrumental or vocal pieces)
  • Concerts
  • Open with rhythmic introductory piece (like
    Pishdaramad)
  • Avaz (improvised, nonmetric) (considered high
    point of concert)
  • Concluding section (rhythmic dance or light vocal)

13
Traditional 19th century Iranian court musicians
playing kamanche, dombak, dayere, tar, santour
14
Indian and Persian Classical Music
  • Similarities
  • use complex system of pitches
  • have long history of performance and theoretical
    writings about music
  • Monophonic or heterophinc
  • Transmitted in concerts
  • Passed on in oral tradition
  • Incorporate improvisation and composition
  • Differences
  • Persian tradition has no equivalent of tala
  • Ambivalent attitude of Islam towards music

15
Persian Carpets
Persian Calligraphy
Persian miniature (Tabriz School, 13th cent.)
EXAMPLES OF PERSIAN ART FORMS
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