VII. Cell Parts

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VII. Cell Parts

• Dissecting the cell

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Quick Definitions

1. Homeostasis is the process of maintaining the
   cells environment.
2. Selective permeability is the process where a
   cell allows some molecules into the cell and not
   others.

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A. Plasma Membrane

1. Cells must control the materials that enter and
   leave.
2. The PM is the boundary between the cell and its
   environment.

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3. PM Structure

• PM is made of a phospholipid bilayer
• Two phospholipid layers
• Hydrophilic likes water
• Hydrophobic afraid of water

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4. Transport across the PM

• Fluid Mosaic Model
• Transport Proteins

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B. Cell Wall

• Structure Rigid layer on the outside of the
  cell membrane
• Think egg shell and membrane
• Function cell support and protection
• Only in plants!

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C. Cytoplasm

• Structure Clear, jelly-like fluid that fills
  the cell
• Mostly water
• Function Allows molecules to be transported
  through the cell

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Control Centers

• The Nucleus, Ribosomes, and Centrioles

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D. Nucleus

• Structure Two membrane layers
• Nuclear pores allow RNA to exit nucleus
• Nucleolus
• Creates ribosomes
• Function
• The nucleus contains
• the genetic material for
• the cell (called chromatin)

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E. Ribosomes

• Structure very small organelles
• small dots
• Found
• in the cytoplasm
• on the ER
• Function makes proteins

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F. Centrioles

• Structure Small barrel shaped
• organelles
• Made up of bunches of microtubules
• Function Involved in cell division
• Found only in animal cells

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Assembly, Transport Storage

• Other organelles

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F. Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Structure
• Rough ER
• Covered in
• ribosomes
• Smooth ER
• No ribosomes
• Function Where chemical reactions take place in
  the cell.

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G. Golgi Apparatus

• Structure Flattened pancake-like layers
• Uses Vesicles to move things
• Function Sorts, packages and sends the products
  of the ER

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H. Vacuoles

• Structure plastid
• Plant cells have one large vacuole while animal
  cells have many smaller vacuoles
• Function temporary storage of materials

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I. Lysosomes

• Structure plastid
• Function contain digestive enzymes that break
  apart cellular waste for re-use

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Cellular Energy

• Chloroplasts and Mitochondria

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I. Lysosomes

• Structure plastid
• Function contain digestive enzymes that break
  apart cellular waste for re-use

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K. Mitochondria

• Structure Double membrane
• Increased surface area
• for reactions
• Function Energy powerhouses for the cell

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Support Locomotion
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L. Cytoskeleton

• Interior network of support in cells
• Criss-crossed web of small support beams
• Microtubules
• Microfilaments

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M. Locomotion

• Cilia
• Short hair-like projections that move in a
  wave-like fashion
• Flagella
• Long whip like tails
• Found only in unicellular organisms

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Homework

• Organelle Summary Sheet
• Flashcards