How Man Uses the Ocean

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How Man Uses the Ocean
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I. Commercial Fishing

• A. Most important use of the ocean
• 1. Man always fished from the sea
• 2. Over 100 million people depend on
  fishing for jobs
• 3. 100 of millions depend on it for food
• 4. 1990, 83 metric tons (2,204 lbs.) were
  caught, 50 more tons then 1950

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• 5. 1991, 81.7 metric tons were caught, since
  then a slow decrease

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• B. Variety of organisms caught
• 1. 41 of species over fished on brink of
  extinction
• 2. Economics decides what will be caught
• 3. People are picky-eaters destroying
  certain species
• 4. Blue fin tuna went from 300,000 to 30,000
  in 20 years
• a. 1 blue tuna in Japan costs 35,000
• b. so even greater numbers are being
  caught

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• 5. 200 million sharks caught yearly in U.S.
• a. 12,334 metric tons today
• b. major drop from 34, 000 metric tons
  ten years ago
• 6. Technology has given the advantage to
  humans very efficient fisheries
• 7. Japan, Russia, Chile, USA top countries
  for fisheries

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• 8. Still, the potential of food from sea has
  yet to be maxed out or used

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• C. Incidental catches other organisms
  caught accidentally
• 1. Millions of tons of organisms caught and
  discarded usually dead
• 2. Shrimping - about 1.1 1.5 million tons
  of shrimp are caught yearly
• a. also 5 21 million tons of incidental
  catches

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• b. 3 5 million tons discarded YEARLY
• 3. Tuna fisheries usually cause the death of
  dolphins

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• D. Solutions to overfishing
• 1. Set regulations
• a. the amount caught
• b. the season to commercial fish
• c. type of species caught
• 2. Learn to eat more of a variety
• 3. Education of conservation
• 4. Too many people depend on commercial fishing
  to just stop it

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II. Aquaculture farming of the sea

• A. In 1990, 40 million metric tons of sea
  crops were produced
• 1. crops include kelp, oysters, abalone,
  certain fish, etc.
• 2. Easy and efficient farmed just like
  wheat or cotton
• 3. Asia produces 80 of all aquaculture

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Have you had any of the following?

• Ice cream
• Gel-cap medicine
• Oysters
• Red fish
• Cat fish
• Kelp salad

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• B. Sea ranching is possibly the wave of the
  future
• 1. we must increase our food supply by 3.5
  each year
• 2. over 52 million people starve every year
• 3. Crops like salmon, shrimp, trout leading
  the way
• 4. Very expensive today with these crops
• 5. Most grown in contained areas

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III. Recreation

• A. Economic factor
• 1. real estate very high priced, billions
  of yearly
• 2. recreational supplies sailing, scuba,
  etc.

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• B. Psychological Factor
• 1. Family and friends
• 2. Very therapeutic calms
• 3. 1 place for vacation

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• C. Problems from recreation
• 1. overcrowding very little public beaches
  left
• 2. beaches are disappearing
• a. erosion
• b. many animals have no home
• c. concrete instead of sand
• 3. Pollution
• a. death to animals
• b. unsafe beaches

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IV. A Place to Dump

• A. Sewage
• 1. Most sewage is dumped directly into
  ocean
• 2. Some treated, some not
• 3. Causes
• a. diseases to both animals humans
• b. way too much, smothers organisms
• c. closing of several beaches
• Ex. New York, California

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• B. Industrial Waste
• 1. So many factories so much waste
• 2. Man-made products cannot be broken down by
  nature
• 3. Causes
• a. instant death
• b. bioaccumulation increase in toxicity

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• c. major problems for the future we cant
  begin to see
• 4. In old days most things were natural
  not a problem Now ????

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• C. Radioactive Waste
• 1. 3 legal dumping sites for radioactive
  waste
• a. Deaf Smith, TX
• b. Yucca Mountain, NV
• c. Richland, WA
• 2. Quickly running out of space

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• 3. New site the ocean
• a. must be in center of large plate very
  stable
• b. center of large current wont move as
  fast
• c. red clay bottom buffer for leakage
• 4. Problems
• a. chances of leakage
• b. isnt it obvious

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V. Mining of the Sea

• A. Riches that can be found
• 1. Oil the richest mineral found in ocean
• 2. Every known element mineral is found
  in the ocean Ex. gold, cobalt, lead, etc
• 3. Natural gas, coal certain other also
  found in large quantities

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• B. Problems
• 1. Oil leaks duh?
• Before the BP Oil leak the worst oil leak in
  history occurred in 1979 Gulf of Mexico
  Exxon
• BP 2010 Gulf of Mexico is now consider the
  worse oil leak in history
• 2. ravaging the ocean to gather these
  minerals
• 3. entire coral reefs have been destroyed

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• 3. death of marine organisms including
  phytoplankton
• 4. Most mining not feasible today cant make a
  profit

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VI. Transportation

• A. Transport of Cargo
• 1. Billions of tons of cargo are shipped
  across the oceans yr
• 2. this is the cheapest and most efficient
  method of transportation
• a. cheap large load in a single ship the
  larger the ship, the cheaper it is
• b. efficient technology has taken most of
  the risks out

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• 3. Oil is the most abundant cargo shipped
• 4. Over half the U.S. imports come by way of
  ocean
• 5. If shipping across the ocean were to stop
• a. millions would starve
• b. thousands would freeze
• c. millions would lose their jobs

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• B. Problems
• 1. Accidental spills
• a. immediate affect - death
• b. long term affect bioaccumulation
• 2. Cleaning of cargo ships
• a. 1.3 metric tons of oil is released into
  ocean yearly just from the cleaning tanks
• b. waste usually dumped

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• C. Personal Transportation
• 1. Use to be the only way to travel between
  continents planes now
• 2. Cruise ships luxury liners
• Just remember the Titanic

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VII. Electricity

• A. Hydroelectricity
• 1. Tides currents being used to generate
  electricity
• 2. Many countries dont have strong tides or
  currents
• 3. Russia, France, Japan Canada leading
  countries of hydroelectricity
• 4. NO POLLUTION!!!!!

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• B. Nuclear Power
• 1. large amounts, billions of gallons, of
  water needed in nuclear power plants
• 2. no chemical pollution released in water
• 3. Just thermal pollution good bad
• 4. Radioactive waste where to put it

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C. Working on future uses of saltwater as power
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VIII. Future Uses

• A. Even a larger food source
• 1. human population by 2050 10 billion people
• 2. already 52 million die of starvation
• B. Source of freshwater
• 1. already in use US has 110 plants
• 2. so many freshwater outlets pollute

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Desalination
Presently, the reverse osmosis process of
desalination plants only has a production rate of
10,000 gallons of fresh water for every 50,000
gallons saltwater
This 15 ratio is considered inefficient, but
further pursuit of water purifying technology is
promising
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• C. A place to live
• 1. Possible?
• 2. 10 billion people in 40 years what
  happens in 150 years?
• D. Medicinal Searches
• 1. anticancer agents
• 2. very healthy food
• E. Still 1 place to vacation
• F. Protect the Ocean it is our future!