????????PHS???

1
??????????

• ??

2
????????

• ????26?
• ???????????????,?????????
• ???????????????????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????
• ????????PHS???
• ????????3G???
• ????????????????????????,???????????????

3
????????????

• ??????????????(???????,90?6?)
• ????????????????,
• ???????????,???????????????????,?????????????(?15)
  
• ???????????? (?16-17)
• ??????????????,?????
• ??????????
• NCC 95 ??????
• ?????????????????
• ????????????????????(smart regulator)
  ????????????????????

4
??????? ????????????????????????????????(???,?90)
????????????,????????????
5
NCC????????

• ??????
• ???????????????? ??????????????,??????????
• NCC??????(??2?????15?)
• ????????????
• ????---?Rate of Return regulation??
• ?????--?Rate of Return regulation??
• ????---????????????

?????????
6
???????????

• ????? performance-based regulation,
  ??????????,????
• ????? benchmark
• ????? parameter
• ??,NCC??????????(???)???,???????
• ??????? ?????????,????????
• ??????????????????
• ??????????
• ?????
• ????????

7
????????????????

• ??NCC????,???????????,??
• ?????????????,
• ??????????,
• ???????????????

8
?????

• ??????????,??????
• ?????????,???????????
• ????????
• ???2000-2005?????2007?????
• ??2015??????,??2007?????

9
???900???1800???????????????????X???????????????
?????

• ???? ??

10
??????????????
???? ????
??
??????????????????
???????????????
???????????????
?
??????????
??????
11
??????? ????????????????????????????????(???,?90)
????????????,????????????
12
NCC????????

• ??????
• ???????????????? ??????????????,??????????
• NCC??????(??2?????15?)
• ????????????
• ????---?Rate of Return regulation??
• ?????--?Rate of Return regulation??
• ????---????????????

?????????
13
???????????

• ????? performance-based regulation,
  ??????????,????
• ????? benchmark
• ????? parameter
• ??,NCC??????????(???)???,???????
• ??????? ?????????,????????
• ??????????????????
• ??????????
• ?????
• ????????

14
????????????????

• ??NCC????,???????????,??
• ?????????????,
• ??????????,
• ???????????????

15
?????
???? ????
??
??????????????????
???????????????
???????????????
?
??????????
16
??????????????????
17
???????????????????

• ??????
• If competitors want to enter, how natural can
  monopoly be? (Kahn, 1990 146)
• ??????
• ????????(incumbent)??????????(?????)
• ????1) ?????capacity,??2) ????????????????,??3)??
  ????(MVNO)????????????(ACCC, 2004)
• Sunk cost ???? MVNO
• National coverage ??????roaming
• ??,NCC??????????????????????(collective
  dominance) ???

18
???????????????????

• ?????????
• ????????????????????? (94.8.26.????0940006961?????
  ??8?)
• ??????????????????,???????????????????????
• ????????,???????????,NCC?????????????

19
???????????,?NCC????????
20
Ofcoms market review guidelines criteria for
the assessment of significant market power (5
August 2002)??16???

1. Market concentration
2. Transparency
3. Mature market
4. Stagnant or moderate growth on the demand side
5. Low elasticity of demand
6. Homogenous product
7. Similar cost structures
8. Similar market shares
9. Lack of technical innovation, mature technology

1. Absence of excess capacity
2. High barriers to entry
3. Lack of countervailing buying power
4. Lack of potential competition
5. Various kind of informal or other links between
   the undertakings concerned
6. Retaliatory mechanisms
7. Lack of or reduced scope for price competition

????http//ofcom.org.uk/static/archive/oftel/publ
ications/about_oftel/2002/smpg0802.pdf
(17.11.2006)
21
????
22
?????????(1) ?????

• Herfindahl -Hirshman Index(HHI)???????
• ??DOJ??
• ??1,000 ??????
• 1,000-1,800 ??????
• ??1,800 ??????

?? HHI ????????
?? 3651 ?
?? 3677 ?
??? 5054 ?
??? 3736 ?
?? 3487 ?
?? 2817 ?
23
??????HHI???1800 (1)
??3632!
24
??????HHI???1800 (2)
??3758!
25
HHI??????????Positive direct network effect

• ?????????,?????????????,????????,????????
• ????positive externalities ?? Bandwagon effect
• ??????X??Z???????
• ???????
• ????????
• ???????
• ???????????????????,????????

26
??HHI?????????????

• HHI????????????????,??????!
• ?????,???HHI????
• ??HHI?????????
• ????HHI??1800???????!
• ??????????????,?????????????????
• ???????!

27
?????????(2)
?? ????
????? Transparency ?
????? Mature market ? (???)--?????????)
?????????? Stagnant or moderate growth on the demand side ?
28
?????????(2)?????????? Stagnant or moderate
growth on the demand side
??????
29
?????????(3)
?? ????
?????Low elasticity of demand (-0.3?-0.6) ?
?????Homogenous product ?????
??????Similar cost structures ?
???????Similar market shares ?
?????? Lack of technical innovation, mature technology ?
?????? Absence of excess capacity ?
30
?????????(4)
?? ????
????? High barriers to entry ?
????????????Lack of countervailing buying power ?
???????Lack of potential competition ?
???????? ?
?????Retaliatory mechanisms ?
?????????? ?
31
????????????

• ????
• ???????????,??????????? (Baumol et al., 1988)
• ??????,?? post-entry ?????? (Armstrong et al.,
  1995)
• ?????????
• MVNO
• ???? (????614, 971??,471,292??)
• ?????(???? WiFi, Wimax)
• ????,????,???????????
• ????????????
• NCC??????,????????!!!
• ????,???????(?????),????????

???? ?????
32
????????????????,????
ARPM (Average Revenue Per Minute) ???? / ??????) 20011
Source complied by author
33
???????????

• ??????????????
• ????Two-part tariff??(???)??
• ???????
• ??????,????????
• ?????
• ?????????,cost-reduction ??????,??????

?????
34
??????????????
?? ????
??? ? (?????!)
????? ?
????? ? (????)
?????????? ?
????? ?
????? ?????
?????? ?
??????? ? (?????)
?????? ?
?????? ?
?? ????
????? ?
???????????? ?
??????? ?
???????? ?
????? ?
?????????? ?
35
???????

• ?????????
• ??????,????????????????????,????????,??????????71
  0?,????????????310500???????????????
• (??????????????,???,?90)
• ????????????????
• ??????????,?????????????

36
?????

• ????????????,?????????
• ??????????????????????,?????????100??
• ???????????
• NCC???????????
• ?????NCC??????????
• NCC??????????!

37
???????????

• ????????SSNIP?,?????????????????
• ???NCC???????,?????????
• ???NCC???(?15?)???,?????????
• ??????????????

38
?????

• ????????????????
• ??,????????????????????????
• ???????????????????
• ??????????HHI????????????

39
??

• ??????,???????,????????????
• ????????,NCC???????????????,????????????

40
??F2M ?????????

• F2M???????per-call monopoly
• ????
• ???????M2M???????
• ???????
• MPP,???????
• ?????????????????
• Crandall Sidak, 2004. Yale Journal of
  Regulation 21(2) 261-313