U.S. Imperialism Era 1898-1920

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U.S. Imperialism Era1898-1920

• Spanish-American War, 1898
• American Expansionism

Power Point created by Robert L. Martinez
Primary Content Sources The Americans (McDougal
Little) Mastering The Grade 11 Taks Social
Studies Assessment (Killoran, Zimmer, Jarrett).
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Spanish-American War, 1898
"Cuban volunteers in their barracks. Many of
these were cigar makers at Tampa. "The "Army of
the Cuban Republic" was made up from 40 Cubans
from Jacksonville, 200 from New York, and 150
from Key West. They set sail on the Florida to
join the rebels on May 21st.
http//www.floridamemory.com/OnlineClassroom/Photo
Album/n041306.cfm
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• The Spanish-American War marked a major
  turning point in U.S. foreign relations. At the
  conflicts conclusion, America would emerge as a
  world empire.

American troops in Havana, Cuba.
http//www.solpass.org/7ss/Images/war.gif
http//www.floridamemory.com/OnlineClassroom/Photo
Album/pr10233.cfm
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• In 1895, Cuban workers rebelled against Spain,
  seeking their independence. A Spanish army was
  sent to Cuba to crush the rebellion with brutal
  force. Several factors led to U.S. intervention
  in the conflict.

Spanish Frigate Vizcaya
http//www.zpub.com/cpp/caw5.jpg
http//www.hazegray.org/features/santiago/vizc06.j
pg
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SPANISH TROOPS MARCHING THROUGH SAN JUAN, THE
CAPITAL OF PUERTO RICO (a Spanish possession.)
http//www.antiquemapsandprints.com/p-0145.jpg
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• Many Americans felt they had a moral obligation
  to help the Cuban people in their struggle for
  independence from Spain.

Americas Founding Fathers signing the
Declaration of Independence from Great Britain.
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• Reasons for War Cuban Independence, U.S.
  military and economic interests in Latin America,
  the Caribbean, and the Pacific, and the sinking
  of the U.S.S. Maine.

http//americanhistory.si.edu/archives/images/d530
0hh4.jpg
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• Publishers like William Heart and Joseph Pulitzer
  sensationalized news events to sell newspapers.
  Their newspapers deliberately distorted the news
  from Cuba with exaggerated stories of atrocities.

William Randolph Hearst
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ImageJournal98.gif
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Yellow Journalism
Illustrations such as the one on the right was
printed to elicit anger from American readers.
Front Page Hearst newspaper illustration Male
Spanish officials strip search an American woman
tourist in Cuba looking for messages from
rebels.
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_journalism
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De Lome Letter

• The Spanish ambassador called President McKinley
  weak in a private letter that was published in
  the press. De Lomes letter angered Americans
  against Spain.

President McKinley
De Lome
http//www.williammckinley.net/
http//www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flashtruedoc
53
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• As a result and because the American government
  sought to protect American investments (example
  sugar rum) in Cuba, and to block any
  interruption of U.S. trade with Cuba

Cuban Sugar Industry
http//www.latinamericanstudies.org/cuba/cuba1850-
7.gif
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Remember the Maine
On January 25, 1898 -- The U.S.S. Maine enters
Havana harbor (An American Battleship). This was
a show of force to the Spanish.
http//www.smplanet.com/imperialism/remember.html
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• The battleship U.S.S Maine was mysteriously blown
  up in Havana on February 15, 1898. The press
  blamed the explosion on Spanish sabotage,
  enraging American public opinion.

http//memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/apr25.html
http//www.floridamemory.com/OnlineClassroom/Photo
Album/n045404.cfm
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USS Maine

• On February 15, a tremendous explosion rocked the
  battleship.
• More than 260 sailors died form the blast.

http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e8/Worl
d98.jpg
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• An official navy investigation began immediately,
  but the Journal and other newspapers immediately
  blamed Spain.
• Hearsts paper published articles under such
  headlines as The Maine Was Destroyed by
  Treachery and The Whole Country Thrills with
  War Fever.

http//www.socialstudieshelp.com/Images/MaineHeadl
ine.gif
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• In March, the navy issued its report on the
  sinking of the Maine. Though the evidence was
  sketchy, navy investigators concluded that the
  explosion was caused by an underwater mine.
• The report did not suggest who was responsible.

http//www.sharlot.org/exhibits/1898/images/resamp
led/JournalCoverMil211b.JPG
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• In 1976, navy researchers who studied the
  incident concluded that heat from a fire in a
  coal bin exploded a nearby supply of ammunition.

http//www.flickr.com/photos/jsnphotos/482097945/
http//www.uoregon.edu/caguirre/maine_explosion.j
pg
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• In 1898, President William McKinley, finding it
  difficult to resist the public outcry after the
  destruction of the U.S.S Maine, asks Congress for
  a declaration of war against Spain. On April
  20th, the United States declares war.

President McKinley
http//www.pbs.org/crucible/tl12.html
http//www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/wm25.
html
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(No Transcript)
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• The Spanish-American War begins in the
  Philippines on May 1st, 1898 where American
  forces quickly overcame the Spanish navy at the
  Battle of Manila led by George Dewey.

http//www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/dp/pennies/SPANI
SH.JPG
http//www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/h01000/h
01256.jpg
http//www.floridamemory.com/OnlineClassroom/Photo
Album/pr10237.cfm
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• In the Caribbean, hostilities began with a naval
  blockade of Cuba. The Spanish fleet is
  effectively sealed up in the harbor of Santiago
  de Cuba.

http//www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/n120000/
n191610t.jpg
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• The Spanish fleet tries to escape the American
  blockade at Santiago harbor. A naval battle
  ensues, and the Spanish fleet is destroyed.

http//www.homeofheroes.com/wallofhonor/spanish_am
/images/12_battle2.jpg
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Attempted Escape of Spanish Fleet
http//www.homeofheroes.com/wallofhonor/spanish_am
/12_santiago.html
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• In June 1898, American forces landed in Cuba.
  American forces begin to converge on the port
  city of Santiago. The army consisted of 17,000
  soldiers, including four African-American
  regiments (called Buffalo soldiers) of regular
  army and the volunteer Rough Riders, a cavalry
  unit. The key to capturing the city of Santiago
  was controlling the high grounds of San Juan Hill.

http//www.veteranmuseum.org/images/cuba-landing.j
pg
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• On the way to secure San Juan Hill, a bloody and
  dramatic charge took place on nearby Kettle Hill.
  Without direct orders, Teddy Roosevelt, the
  Rough Riders, and two African-American regiments
  led by John Pershing attacked and took Kettle
  Hill.

http//www.army.mil/cmh-pg/documents/spanam/Rrid1.
jpg
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• The battle of San Juan Hill is the bloodiest and
  most popular of all battles during the
  Spanish-American war.

http//www.latinamericanstudies.org/1898/sanjuan1.
gif
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Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rough_Riders
http//www.floridamemory.com/OnlineClassroom/Photo
Album/pr10253.cfm
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• Speak softly and carry a big stick.  You will go
  far.
• - Teddy Roosevelt

http//www.teddyroosevelt.com/teddy_roosevelt_pict
ures.htm
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Lt. Col. Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough
Riders conducting regimental drills in San
Antonio, Texas, prior to fighting the Spanish in
Cuba.
http//www.bartleby.com/51/13.gif
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Rough Riders in San Antonio
http//www.frfrogspad.com/m1895mg.jpg
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Rough Rider Reunion 1902,San Antonio, Texas
At the 1902 reunion in San Antonio, the Rough
Rider veterans agreed to purchase an artificial
leg for Private Charles Buckholdt, who had lost
his leg in a fight.
http//www.sharlot.org/exhibits/1898/images/resamp
led/reunionsanantoniomil238pe20.JPG
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Rough Riders charging up San Juan Hill
http//www.teddyroosevelt.com/
http//www.army.mil/cmh-pg/documents/spanam/RRIDS.
JPG
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Consequences of San Juan Hill

• The victory of San Juan Hill boasts morale and
  pride of the American people.
• Spain loses control of its possessions in the
  Caribbean.
• Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders emerge as
  national heroes.
• San Juan Hill catapults Roosevelts political
  career.

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• As a result of the war, the United States
  acquired the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam.

Puerto Rico in the Caribbean
http//www.infoplease.com/atlas/state/puertorico.h
tml
Philippines in the Pacific
Guam in the Pacific
http//www.map-zone.net/map/guam/
http//www.middleeastnews.com/MapofPhilippines.htm
l
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Political CartoonAmerican Imperialism
The cartoon displays Uncle Sam showing off in
front of other world powers, while balancing the
primitives of its newly acquired territories.
..Notice the racial tone and arrogance of the
political cartoon.
http//history.grand-forks.k12.nd.us/NDhistory/Les
sonImages/Sources/Cartoons/john20bull.jpg
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• The U.S. insisted that Cuba add to its new
  Constitution, the Platt Amendment, commanding
  Cuba to stay out of debt and giving U.S. the
  right to intervene in the country and the right
  to buy or lease Cuban land for naval and fueling
  stations.

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Guantánamo Bay Naval Base at the southeastern end
of Cuba has been used by the United States Navy
for more than a century, and is the oldest
overseas U.S. Navy Base and the only one in a
country with which the United States does not
have diplomatic relations.
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_
Base
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• After the brief war, the United States emerges
  from the war in possession of an overseas empire.

Presidential Campaign Poster for
Mckinley-Roosevelt
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image10kMiles.JPG
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National Hero

• After the war with Spain, Roosevelt returned a
  hero and was soon elected governor of New York
  and then later won the vice-presidency.

http//www.politicalbadges.com/189620Theodore20R
oosevelt20(for20Governor20stud).jpg
http//www.vw.vccs.edu/vwhansd/HIS122/Teddy/Images
/trgov.jpg
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