The Korean War

1
The Korean War McCarthyism

• The Cold War and
• the American Dream
• (1945-1960)
• Chapter 28, Section 2

2
Essential Questions

• Should governments have the right to invade a
  citizens privacy if its in the publics best
  interest?
• Should rules ever be bent?

3
John Stewart Service

• An American Born in China Lived There until he
  went to College in the U.S.
• Hired by the U.S. State Department as a China
  Expert
• Warned the U.S. that Communism was Growing in
  China
• State Department Fired Him Blamed Him for
  Chinas Communist Revolution

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Spread of Communism

• Civil War Breaks out in China in 1949
• Nationalists vs. Communists
• Communists Win
• Americas Fear of Communism Grew
• Viewed Chinas Revolution as a Communist Plot to
  Control the World

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U.S. Fears
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Mao Zedong

• Leader of the New Communist Government in China
• Soviet Union Supported Mao Zedong

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Chiang Kai-shek

• Leader of the Nationalist Government in China
• Lost Civil War to the Chinese Communists
• Nationalists Fled to Taiwan (Formosa)
• U.S. Supported Chiang Kai-Shek

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Korea

• Korea was a Japanese Colony Before WWII
• After WWII Ended in 1945, Soviet Troops Occupied
  Korea North of the 38th Parallel
• American Forces Moved in Took Control South of
  38th Parallel
• Korea Became the Center of a Cold War Conflict!

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Korean War Starts

• In June 1950, the North Korean Army (Communist)
  Crossed the 38th Parallel into South Korea
• Dont Forget the U.S. Policy of CONTAINMMENT!
• U.S. Appealed to the U.N. to STOP the Communist
  Attack on South Korea

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Korean War

• 16 Nations Joined the United Nations to Fight
  North Korea
• U.N. Army was Mostly Made Up of U.S. Troops
• General Douglas MacArthur was Placed in Charge
  (I Shall Return)

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N. Korea Dominates

• North Korea Almost Conquered All of South Korea
  (Pusan)
• General MacArthur Used a Daring Plan by Landing
  U.N. Troops Behind Enemy Lines at Inchon
• General MacArthurs Plan Worked
• U.N. Troops Pushed North Korea Back to the 38th
  Parallel

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Counter Attack

• After Pushing North Korean Forces Back Across the
  38th Parallel, MacArthur Asked Permission to
  Invade North Korea
• President Truman Agreed Wanted to Unite North
  and South Korea (Make it a Democracy)
• MacArthur Invaded North Korea

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Invasion of North Korea

• UN Forces Pushed the North Koreans Back to the
  Yalu River (Border with China)
• China Warned the U.N. the U.S. to STOP!
• What was China Afraid of?

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China Enters Korean War

• In November of 1950 the Chinese Army (Communist)
  Attacked the U.N. Forces
• China Helped the North Koreans Drive the U.N.
  Back Across the 38th Parallel
• By 1951, Stalemate at the 38th Parallel

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World War III?

• General MacArthur Wanted to Bomb China and
  Blockade their Coastline
• Truman Refused!
• Truman Feared Soviet Union Would Back Up China
• World War III?

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Youre Fired!

• MacArthur Did Not Agree with Truman
• General MacArthur Criticized President Truman in
  the Press (Called Him a Wimp)
• President Truman Could Not Have His Commanders
  Disobeying Orders
• You Are FIRED!

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Dwight D. Eisenhower

• As the Korean War was in a Stalemate, Americans
  Wanted the War to End!
• Dwight D. Eisenhower Won the 1952 Presidential
  Election (Republican)
• WWII War Hero
• Ike Promised to End the Korean War

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End of the Korean War

• At the Peace Table President Eisenhower Asked for
  Peace
• Threatened to Use Nuclear Weapons if North Korea
  and China Disagreed
• Korean War Ended in a Stalemate!
• 38th Parallel Would Divided North Korea
  (Communist) and South Korea (Democratic)
• Containment Worked!

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Korean War Memorial, D.C.
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Joseph McCarthy

• Republican Senator from Wisconsin
• The List
• Accused U.S. Government Officials of Being
  Communists
• Caused a Witch Hunt in America for Suspected
  Communists

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The List

• I have here a list of 205 names that were
  made known to the Secretary of State as being
  members of the Communist Party and who
  nevertheless are still working and shaping policy
  in the State Department.

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McCarthyism

• Term Used to Describe Reckless Accusations
  Against Innocent Americans (1950s)
• Accused Americans of Being Communists
• Thousands of Innocent People Lost Their
  Careers/Jobs
• What is Wrong with McCarthyism?

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Eisenhowers Brinksmanship

• Eisenhower Disagreed with Containment
• Secretary of State John Foster Dulles Believed in
  Brinksmanship
• Believed U.S. Should Go to the Brink of War to
  Stop Communism
• Believed the U.S. Should Overthrow Communist
  Governments

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Famous Red Scare Trials

• Alger Hiss (State Department Official) Was
  Arrested and Convicted for Passing Military
  Secrets to the Soviet Union
• Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Were Members of the
  Communist Party
• Sentenced to Death for Stealing Atomic Secrets
  Giving them to the Soviets

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Arms Race

• U.S. Dropped 1st Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima
  Nagasaki to End WWII (1945)
• By 1949, the U.S.S.R. Produced their 1st Atomic
  Bombs
• Hydrogen Bombs Were Produced Next (More Powerful)
• A Deadly Arms Race Developed with Both Sides
  Creating More and More Nuclear Arms

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Central Intelligence Agency

• During the 1950s, the CIA Ran Secret Missions to
  Prevent the Spread of Communism
• In Iran, the U.S. Overthrew a Leader to Prevent
  Communism
• In Guatemala, the U.S. Trained a Guatemala Rebel
  Army to Kill the Communist Dictator

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Cold War Conflict Egypt

• Anyone Remember the Battle of El Alamein?
• England France Owned Suez Canal
• In 1955, Egypt and the Soviet Union Became BFF
  Angered U.S. England
• U.S. and England Stopped Giving to Egypt

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Suez Canal Crisis

• When Egypt Did Not Receive , they Seized the
  Suez Canal
• England, France Israel Attacked Egypt
• The Soviet Union Threatened to Back Egypt
• The U.S., U.N. and the Soviet Union Convinced
  England, France Israel to Stop Fighting (6
  Days)
• Almost WWIII Again

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The Israeli 6 Day War

• Israel Kicked Egypts Butt in the War
• Took a lot of Land from Egypt and Other Parts of
  Palestine
• Will Learn More About the 6 Day War in Global
  Studies

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Sputnik

• Soviet Union Launched the Worlds Very 1st
  Satellite into Space Sputnik
• Showed that the Soviet Union was Ahead in Science
  Math
• Demonstrated that the U.S.S.R. had a Missile that
  Could Reach the U.S.
• Was the Start of the Space Race

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Hmmm.

• Why do YOU think Sputnik scared the living
  daylights out of the United States?

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Space Race

• Competition Between the U.S. and U.S.S.R. During
  the Cold War for Space Exploration
• 1957, U.S.S.R. Launched Sputnik
• 1958, U.S.S.R. Sends 1st Lunar Probe to Reach the
  Moon
• 1961, U.S.S.R.s Yuri Gagarin was the 1st Man in
  Space

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Space Race

• Caused a Panic in the U.S. Soviet Union/
  Communism Might Be Better
• People Feared the Soviet Union Would Dominate
  Space Exploration
• Viewed as a Contest Between Communism and
  Capitalism
• Also Feared U.S.S.R. Could Reach U.S. with
  Nuclear Missiles!

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NASA

• NASA was Founded in 1958 After Congress Passed
  the National Aeronautics Space Act
• U.S. Set Aside Billions for NASA
• President Kennedy Promised at his 1961 Inaugural
  Address that U.S. Would be the 1st Country to
  Land a Man on the Moon

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Landing on the Moon

• John Glenn was the 1st U.S. Man to Orbit the
  Earth (1962) (1 Year After the Soviets)
• Neil Armstrong was the 1st Man on the Moon U.S.
  Won the Space Race
• July 20th, 1969
• Thats One Small Step For Man, One Giant Leap
  for Mankind

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The Paris Peace Talks (1960)

• Both Eisenhower Khrushchev Feared Growing
  Tensions (Possible WWIII)
• Both Agreed to Meet in Paris in 1960 to Ease
  Tensions and Maybe End the Cold War
• What Happened?

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Essential Questions

• Should governments have the right to invade a
  citizens privacy if its in the publics best
  interest?
• Should rules ever be bent?