Korean%20War%20

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Korean War 1950-1953

• Korea part of Japan since 1910
• August 8, 1945 - Soviet Union declared war
  against Japan and invaded Korea and Manchuria
• August 15, 1945 - Japan surrendered and agreed to
  give up all territories it had acquired since
  1894
• Allies agreed Korea would become independent
  country
• U.S. troops occupied southern part of Korea (up
  to 38th parallel), Soviet forces occupied the
  north
• 1947 U.N. declared election should be held for
  Koreans to chose type of government for whole
  country
• Soviets refused

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Split

• South Korea
• May 8, 1948 Elections held - People of southern
  part of Korea (U.S. occupied) elected a national
  assembly
• They claimed the entire country and called it the
  Republic of Korea. Their first leader was Syngman
  Rhee he was against communism

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Split

• North Korea
• Soviets refused to permit elections.
  Communists, trained by Soviet Union, claimed the
  entire country
• September 9, 1948 established Democratic
  Peoples Republic of Korea with Kim il Sung as
  their leader
• Despite the name, it was far from democratic

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Korean War1950-1953
Kim Il-Sung
Syngman Rhee
Domino Theory
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War June 25, 1950

• U.S. removed its troops in 1949
• 70.000 N. Koreans attacked S. Koreans. Within 2
  days, they were close to capturing the capital,
  Seoul
• U.N. demanded that Communists retreat back to
  38th parallel N. Koreans ignore it
• U.N. asked its members to aid S. Korea.
• June 30 President Truman ordered U.S. air,
  ground, and naval forces to South Korea under
  U.N. flag
• Congress called it a police action did NOT
  declare war
• June 30 N. Korean Army (KPA) captured capital

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Enemy mortar round lands directly on a Marine
ridgeline position
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Millions of Korean refugees were uprooted from
their homes and attempted to flee to safety
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Armada assembled for Inchon invasion, worlds
last great amphibious landing
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Inchon landing September 15, 1950

• U.S. troops under Gen. Douglas MacArthur and
  recapture Seoul
• October 1 S. Korean U.S. forces invade N.
  Korea
• October 19 Allied forces capture Pyongyang
  North Koreas capital
• Communists retreat farther north

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Marines carry a wounded comrade in the assault on
Seoul
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American air power destroying supply warehouses
in N. Korea
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China gets involved

• MacArthur demands N. Koreans surrender, but is
  rejected
• U.S. troops moved toward Yula River, chasing N.
  Koreans
• Yula River - Border between North Korea and China
  
• China warned Allied troops not to advance any
  closer towards its border
• MacArthur pressed on, hoping to end the war
  before winter set in
• 300,000 Chinese troops attacked in October
  November

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Retreat

• Faced against a huge Chinese force, Allies
  retreat in December
• December 24 KPA recaptured their capital and
  crossed into South Korea
• January Communists capture Seoul. Allies dig
  in.
• March KPA Chinese armies retreat from Seoul
  Allies cross into N. Korea again
• Both sides dig in and fight along battle line
  north of 38th parallel
• Truce talks begin but, fighting continued for 2
  more years

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After Chinese offensive in Nov. 1950, 98,000 N.
Koreans evacuate along with U.N. troops
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U.N. forces move up behind fleeing Chinese
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See-saw fighting along 38th parallel
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MacArthur fired

• As the war dragged on, Gen. MacArthur pushed for
  bombing China and using other all-out measures
  (nuclear bomb)
• President Truman vetoed this idea because he
  thought it would lead to another world war
• MacArthur made public statements disagreeing with
  the President
• President Truman removed him from command April
  1951
• He appears before Congress Old soldiers never
  die, they just fade away speech

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The Shifting Map of Korea1950-1953
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Armistice signed July 27, 1953

• N. Korea leader Kim Il Sung
• America Gen. Mark Clark
• Chinese commander

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Results of Korean War

• 3 million Koreans died
• Millions left homeless
• 1 million Chinese soldiers died
• 54,246 American soldiers died

• Lessons learned
• If America wanted to confront communism, she
  needed to do it carefully confrontation with N.
  Korea quickly got out of hand
• Chinese had worlds largest army prepared to die
  for communism
• USSR had supplied Chinese with modern weapons
• There were limits to Americas power

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Today

• Last attempt to negotiate reunification of Korea
  failed in 1991
• N. Korea is a totalitarian state with Kim Jong-il
  (Sungs son)as its leader
• Its people suffer from malnutrition
• It has nuclear weapons
• U.S. and S. Korea troops still face Communist N.
  Korea troops posted on the border

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Today

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Anti-American propaganda poster

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Today

• U.S. Assistant Secretary of State attending 6
  party talks aimed at persuading North Korea to
  dismantle its nuclear weapons