MODERN AFRICA (1945-PRESENT)

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MODERN AFRICA (1945-PRESENT)
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THE END OF COLONIALISM IN AFRICA

• BY THE EARLY 1900s NATIONALISM (PRIDE DEVOTION
  TO ONES COUNTRY) WAS EVIDENT IN AFRICA.
• NATIONALISM GREW OUT OF A DESIRE TO END EUROPEAN
  RULE.

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AFRICA POST WW II

• AS WW II ENDED, INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENTS GAINED
  STRENGTH IN AFRICA.
• THE WAR WEAKENED COLONIAL POWERS SUCH AS ENGLAND
  FRANCE.
• THE USSR CONDEMNED IMPERIALISM AIDED SOME
  NATIONALIST MOVEMENTS.
• THE U.S. SPOKE OUT AGAINST COLONIALISM.

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NEW NATIONS EMERGE

• SLOWLY EUROPEAN NATIONS REALIZED THEY MUST GIVE
  UP THEIR COLONIAL EMPIRES.
• IN 1950 AFRICA HAD ONLY 4 INDEPENDENT NATIONS
  (LIBERIA, ETHIOPIA, EGYPT SOUTH AFRICA).
• DURING THE 1950s 60s, AFRICAN DEMANDS FOR
  FREEDOM LED TO THE BIRTH OF MANY NEW NATIONS.

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COMMON PROBLEMS

• IN THE MODERN ERA, MUCH OF AFRICA HAS STRUGGLED
  WITH
• POVERTY
• HEALTH ISSUES
• OTHER QUALITY OF LIFE ISSUES
• WAR GENOCIDE

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POVERTY IN AFRICA

• POVERTY IN AFRICA IS HIGHER THAN IN OTHER
  DEVELOPING REGIONS.
• MANY AFRICANS LACK THE INCOME NECESSARY TO
  SATISFY BASIC HUMAN NEEDS (FOOD, SHELTER,
  HEALTHCARE).

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HEALTH ISSUES

• AFRICA HAS THE WORLDS HIGHEST INFANT MORTALITY
  RATE
• LACK OF BASIC HEALTHCARE
• THE AIDS (ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME)
  EPIDEMIC HAS BEEN RAVISHING AFRICA SINCE THE
  DISEASE WAS IDENTIFIED IN 1980
• IN 2001 40 MILLION PEOPLE WERE SICK WITH AIDS OR
  INFECTED WITH HIV, THE VIRUS THAT CAUSES AIDS.

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AIDS IN AFRICA

• 70 OF THE WORLDS VICTIMS LIVE IN AFRICA.
• REASONS FOR HIGH AFRICAN AIDS RATES
• SOCIAL NORMS
• POVERTY
• LACK OF EDUCATION
• POLITICAL INDIFFERENCE
• HIV/AIDS IS A THREAT TO PHYSICAL HEALTH AND ALSO
  TO ECONOMIC HEALTH, EXACERBATING AFRICAS CHRONIC
  POVERTY.
• PBS/Frontline The Age of Aids (13 min 29 sec)
• http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/video/flv/
  generic.html?sfrol02s466q90continuous1

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OTHER QUALITY OF LIFE CONCERNS

• POLITICAL CORRUPTION
• WORLDS LOWEST LITERACY RATE
• LACK OF SAFE DRINKING WATER
• LOWEST LIFE EXPECTANCY RATES
• U.S. 77
• WORLD 63
• AFRICA 52

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CIVIL WAR AND GENOCIDE

• CIVIL WAR OCCURRED BECAUSE AFRICAN STATES HAVE
  FREQUENTLY BEEN HAMPTERED BY INSTABILITY,
  CORRUPTION, VIOLENCE AND AUTHORITARIANISM
• GENOCIDE IS THE DELIBERATE, SYSTEMATIC KILLING OF
  A GROUP OF PEOPLE BECAUSE OF THEIR RACE, RELIGION
  OR ETHNICITY.

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• YESTERDAYs WARM UP
• What were some of the reasons for emerging
  nations in Africa in the 1950s and 1960s?
• Nationalism (pride in their countries)
• USSR US were condemning colonialism (to get
  countries on their side)
• European nations were war torn and had to focus
  on themselves, not colonies

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Welcome to Contemporary U.S. and World History

• Date 11/8/12
• Activity Africa Map/Catch Up Day
• Warm Up
• -Homework
• Africa map and questions due tomorrow
• notebook quiz tomorrow
• Unit test next Friday
• Bonus due Tues 11/13

Pg Assignment Date
43 Africa Power Point Worksheet 11/5
44 Africa Sloppy Notes p1 11/5
45 Africa Sloppy Notes p2 11/5
46 Africa Sloppy Notes p3 Qs 11/5
47 Africa Map 11/7
48 Africa Map Assignment 11/7
49 Bonus Opportunity 11/7
50 Israel Sloppy Notes 11/8
51 Israel Sloppy Notes 11/8
52 Israel Power Point Worksheet 11/8

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Welcome to Contemporary U.S. and World History

• Date 10/28/13
• Activity Africa Qs, Formation of Israel
• Warm Up Why did so many African nations fall
  into civil war soon after they gained their
  independence?
• Homework
• -Review Packet due before test on Friday
• -ALL LATE WORK for unit 2 due by Friday
• -Unit 2 Test Friday 11/1

Pg Assignment Date
35 Decolonization PPT Notes 10/18
36 India Sloppy Notes Packet 10/18
37 India Questions 10/18
38 Africa PPT Notes 10/23
39 Africa Reading 10/23
40 Africa G.O. Questions 10/23
41 Formation of Israel ppt notes 10/28
42 Unit 2 Review Packet 10/28

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Welcome to Contemporary U.S. and World History

• Date 10/30/13
• Activity Africa Notes /Review
• Warm Up
• Which country in southwestern Africa was a
  battleground of the Cold War?
• Homework
• -Review Packet due before test on Friday
• -ALL LATE WORK for unit 2 due by Friday
• -Unit 2 Test Friday 11/1

Pg Assignment Date
38 Africa PPT Notes 10/23
39 Africa Reading 10/23
40 Africa G.O. Questions 10/23
41 Formation of Israel ppt notes 10/28
42 Unit 2 Review Packet 10/28
43 Suez Crisis Reading 10/29
44 Suez Crisis Notes 10/29


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Todays Warm Up

• Why did so many African nations fall into civil
  war soon after gained their independence?
  
• -There was a lot of instability and corruption,
  violence an authoritarianism

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  Tactics used by Nkrumah   Strikes Boycotts         Nkrumahs reforms   New roads, schools Expanded health facilities Programs for industrialization, Health and welfare programs Expanded educational facilities Problems   Costs of reforms hurt economy and strengthened his opposition.   When he was out of country, the army and police seized control and was under civilian and police power until 2000 when they had first election
Ghana
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                    Tactics used by Mau Mau   Guerilla warfare used to push White farmers into leaving Highlands.       Kenyattas reforms   Unite various ethnic language Groups. Problems   Corruption in Mois government and ethnic conflicts that killed hundreds and left thousands homeless.
Kenya
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                    How independence was gained   Belgium plundered rubber and Copper in the Congo, treated Harshly and provided no services -granted independence in 1960 -Transition to independence was In upheaval     Mobutus rule   Seized power in 1965 for 32 yrs -ruled through force, one-party rule and bribes to supporters. Overthrown in 1997 Problems   Promises of democracy by Kabila (renamed Democratic Republic of Congo) never came and civil war ensued. Kabila assassinated, son took over and has worked towards peace. (still pres)
Zaire
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                    How independence was gained   FLN (Algerian National Liberation Front) (approx. 9 mil) fought French (.5 mil troops) and won Independence in July 1962         Ben Bellas program   Socialist overthrown in 1965 Problems Unemployment and dissatisfaction with the government contributed to the rise of religious fundamentalists wanted an Islamic state. -Civil war continues on and off -Gov resisted FIS (Islamic Salvation Front) election win 1990
Algeria
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                    How independence was gained   Portugal sent 50,000 troops to Hold on to Angola in withdrew in 1975 after huge costs and Opposition from home.       Causes of civil war Right after independence (commi) MPLA Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola) vs Soviet Union and Cuba backed them UNITA(National Union for the Total Independence) backed by US and South Africa Other problems   Strained Cold War relations even more with USSR and US   Civil war from 1975-2002 when they finally signed a LASTING peace accord.
Angola
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Africa Questions

• 1. List the four problems that have been common
  to many African nations in the modern (post WW
  II) era
• Poverty
• Health Issues
• Standard of Living Problems
• Civil War and Genocide
• 2. What is the term for pride and devotion to
  ones country?
• Nationalism 

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Africa Questions

• 3. What were the only four independent African
  nations prior to 1950?
• Liberia
• Ethiopia
• Egypt
• South Africa
• 4. What was the Negritude Movement?
• -a movement to celebrate African culture,
  heritage and values

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Africa Questions

• 5. What was the first African nation to gain its
  independence?
• -Ghana
• 6. Who was the leader of the movement to liberate
  the Gold Coast and how did he go about doing it?
• -Kwame Nkrumah and he went about it in a
  non-violent campaign of strikes and boycotts

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Africa Questions

• 7. What large Central African country was once a
  colony of Belgium?
• The Congo (Zaire) 
• 8. What resources did Belgium ruthlessly plunder
  from the Congo?
• Rubber and copper

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Africa Questions

• 9. How did the civil war in Angola contribute to
  tensions in the Cold War?
• The USSR backed the Communists (MPLA) and the US
  backed the UNITA (like Nationalists)
• 10. Why did so many African nations fall into
  civil war soon after gained their independence?
  
• -There was a lot of instability and corruption,
  violence an authoritarianism

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Africa Map Questions

• 1. Which two European countries had the largest
  colonial empires in Africa in 1914?
• Great Britain and France
• 2. What are the two African island nations?
• Madagascar and Comoros

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Africa Map Questions

• 3. The Democratic Republic of the Congo used to
  be controlled by what European nation?
• Belgium
• 4. Based on your map, how many African nations
  are there?
•  
• 45 would be acceptable. 54 to be exact.
• Why is this significant?

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Africa Map Questions

• 5. How do you think African political stability
  and unity is affected by the large number of
  African nations?
•  
• It is difficult to have stability and unity with
  so many nations with different forms of
  governments and goals.

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Africa Map Questions

• 6. Explain what the cartoon map is trying to show
  about the history of Africa
• Its trying to show how each European nation was
  pulling at a different part of Africa to have
  control over it.
• 7. Using your current knowledge, what highly
  valuable natural resources found in Africa do you
  think the European nations were interested in
  gaining access to?
• Gold, rubber, copper, diamonds

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Welcome to Contemporary U.S. and World History

• Date 11/14/12
• Activity Africa Map review Israel Ppt
• Warm Up Why was Israel so concerned about
  Egypts seizure of the Suez Canal?
• -Homework
• Review sheets due TOMORROW for full credit
• Unit test Friday
• covering India, China, Africa and Israel

Pg Assignment Date
43 Africa Power Point Worksheet 11/5
44 Africa Sloppy Notes p1 11/5
45 Africa Sloppy Notes p2 11/5
46 Africa Sloppy Notes p3 Qs 11/5
47 Africa Map 11/7
48 Africa Map Assignment 11/7
49 Bonus Opportunity 11/7
50 Israel Sloppy Notes 11/8
51 Israel Sloppy Notes 11/8
52 Israel Power Point Worksheet 11/8

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On the 3x5 card you picked up..

• Write your name
• Place your strengths in these categories in order
  from best to worst
• Organization
• Writing
• Art/Creativity
• Research

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• Why was Israel so concerned about Egypts seizure
  of the Suez Canal?
• When they blocked the Suez Canal, they blocked
  the ability for Israel to import and export from
  the rest of the world.
• This is why Britain and France were upset as
  well.
• This was also significant regarding the Cold War
  because USSR backed Egypt and the US stayed out
  of it.

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SOMALIA A CASE STUDY IN OUTSIDE INTERVENTION

• CIVIL WAR ERUPTED IN 1988 BETWEEN RIVAL WARLORDS
  AND ALSO AGAINST THE GOVT WHICH CEASED TO EXIST
  BY 1992.
• MASSIVE STARVATION FOLLOWED.
• THE RED CROSS U.N. SENT FOOD BUT MUCH WAS
  STOLEN BY THE WARLORDS.
• IN DEC. 1992, PRES. GEORGE H. W. BUSH INITIATED
  OPERATION RESTORE HOPE SO THAT AID COULD BE
  DELIVERED PROTECTED. PRES. CLINTON CONTINUED
  THIS OPERATION.
• SOMALIS WELCOMED U.S. TROOPS BELIEVING THEY WOULD
  REMAIN NEUTRAL.
• WITH STABILITY RESTORED, THE U.N. TOOK OVER THE
  MISSION.

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NATION BUILDING IN SOMALIA

• AS THE U.N. MADE EFFORTS TO REBUILD SOMALIA,
  LOCALS NO LONGER SAW U.S. TROOPS AS NEUTRAL.
• IN OCT. 1993 U.S. FORCES WERE SENT TO APPREHEND A
  LEADING WARLORD WHO HAD KILLED 24 PEACEKEEPERS.
• OUTCOMES
• 18 U.S. SOLDIERS WERE KILLED
• WARLORD ELUDED CAPTIVITY
• U.S. FORCES WERE WITHDRAWN
• THE U.S. LOST ITS APPETITE FOR HUMANITARIAN-BASED
  INTERVENTION

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RWANDA A CASE STUDY IN GENOCIDE

• 1994-1996 RWANDA WAS THE SCENE OF ONE OF AFRICAS
  MOST VICIOUS CIVIL WARS.
• AT LEAST 500,000 PEOPLE WERE KILLED DUE TO
  FIGHTING BETWEEN 2 RIVAL ETHNIC GROUPS TUTSIS
  HUTUS.
• THE KILLING WAS SO GREAT IN SCALE THAT IT WAS
  LABELED GENOCIDE.
• GENOCIDE IS THE DELIBERATE, SYSTEMATIC KILLING OF
  A GROUP OF PEOPLE BECAUSE OF THEIR RACE, RELIGION
  OR ETHNICITY.

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RWANDA A CASE STUDY IN INACTION

• AFTER ITS EXPERIENCE IN SOMALIA, THE U.S. CHOSE
  TO LET THE U.N. DEAL WITH RWANDA.
• EVENTUALLY THE U.N. VOTED TO WITHDRAW MOST OF ITS
  FORCES, PAVING THE WAY FOR ADDITIONAL BLOODSHED.
• HAD THE CIVILIZED WORLD ABANDONED ITS PLEDGE MADE
  AT THE END OF WW II TO NEVER AGAIN STAND BY WHILE
  GENOCIDE OCCURRED?