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INTRODUCTION TO

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Purposes of nursing theory What are the purposes of nursing theory? Types of nursing theories Why on earth do we study nursing theory? – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: INTRODUCTION TO


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INTRODUCTION TO
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What is a theory?
  • A set of concepts, definitions, relationships,
    and assumptions that project a systematic view of
    a phenomena
  • It may consist of one or more relatively specific
    and concrete concepts and propositions that
    purport to account for, or organize some
    phenomenon (Barnum, 1988)

3
What are the components of a theory?
  • Concepts ideas and mental images that help to
    describe phenomena (Alligood and Marriner-Tomey,
    2002)
  • Definitions convey the general meaning of the
    concepts
  • Assumptions statements that describe concepts
  • Phenomenon aspect of reality that can be
    consciously sensed or experienced (Meleis, 1997).

4
What is a paradigm?
  • A model that explains the linkages of science,
    philosophy, and theory accepted and applied by
    the discipline (Alligood and Marriner Tomey,
    2002)

5
What is a domain?
  • The view or perspective of the discipline
  • It contains the subject, central concepts, values
    and beliefs, phenomena of interest, and the
    central problems of the discipline

6
How does domain relate to nursing theory?
  • Nursing has identified its domain in a paradigm
    that includes four linkages
  • 1) person/client
  • 2) health
  • 3) environment
  • 4) nursing

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Purposes of nursing theory
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What are the purposes of nursing theory?
  • It guides nursing practice and generates
    knowledge
  • It helps to describe or explain nursing
  • Enables nurses to know WHY they are doing WHAT
    they are doing

9
Types of nursing theories
  • Grand theories broad and complex
  • Middle-range theories- address specific phenomena
    and reflect practice
  • Descriptive theories first level of theory
    development
  • Prescriptive theories address nursing
    interventions and predict their consequences

10
Why on earth do we study nursing theory?
  • Everyday practice enriches theory
  • Both practice and theory are guided by values and
    beliefs
  • Theory helps to reframe our thinking about
    nursing
  • Theory guides use of ideas and techniques
  • Theory can close the gap between theory and
    research
  • To envision potentialities (Gordon, Parker,
    Jester, 2001)

11
The study and use of nursing theory in nursing
practice must have roots in the everyday practice
of nurses (Gordon, Parker, and Jester, 2001).
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So how do nurses use theory in everyday practice?
  • Organize patient data
  • Understand patient data
  • Analyze patient data
  • Make decisions about nursing interventions
  • Plan patient care
  • Predict outcomes of care
  • Evaluate patient outcomes
  • (Alligood, 2001)

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How do student nurses begin to use nursing theory?
  • By asking yourself two very important questions..

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Student nurse questions
  • What is the nature of knowledge needed for the
    practice of nursing?
  • What does it mean to me to practice nursing?

15
Nursing also utilizes non-nursing theories
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Commonly used non-nursing theories
  • Systems theory
  • Basic Human Needs theory
  • Health and Wellness Models
  • Stress and Adaptation
  • Developmental Theories
  • Psychosocial Theories

17
What is the link between nursing theory and the
research process?
  • Theory provides direction for nursing research
  • Relationships of components in a theory help to
    drive the research questions for understanding
    nursing
  • Chinn and Kramer (2004), indicate a spiral
    relationship between the two

18
Current trends that influence nursing theory
  • Medical science
  • Nursing education
  • Professional nursing organizations
  • Evolving research approaches
  • Global concerns
  • Consumer demands
  • Technologies

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Practicing nurses who despise theory are
condemned to performing a series of tasks -
either at the command of a physician or in
response to routines and policies.
  • Leah Curtin, RN, MS, FAAN (1989)
  • Former Editor, Nursing Management

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