Unit II: 600-1450

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Unit II 600-1450 C.E.
Big Picture Themes

• Rebuilding of Declining Empires
  (Post-Classical)
• Rise Spread of Islam
• Centralized VS. Decentralized Empires
• Golden Age of Nomads
• Increased Global Trade

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1. Trade Patterns
Long-distance trade Silk Roads, Indian Ocean
maritime system, Trans-Saharan trade,
Mediterranean Sea Pax Mongolia during Mongol
Empire trade flourished
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2. Changes - Feudalism - Religious empires -
Decentralized states - Nomadic migrations (Turks,
Vikings Mongols)

• 3. Continuities
• - Religions spread
• Trade routes grow
• Patriarchal gender roles

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4. Tech. Migrations
Inventions compass, improved ships, GUNPOWDER
Migrations Bantus, Turks, Mongols, Vikings
Diseases Plague spreadsmissionaries, nomads,
traders
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5. Social systems religion

• Patriarchal systems
• Universal religions Buddhism, Christianity
  Islam spread

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6. New Empires

1. Centralized empires Byzantine, Arab Caliphates,
   Tang Song
2. Decentralized states W. Europe Japan
   (feudalism)
3. The Mongols

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China Tang Song Dynasties
Empress Wu 1st female Empress

• Political Features
• centralized rule
• Confucian bureaucracy (civil service exams)
• defeated by Mongols

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The Tang at its peak, c.750
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Song Golden Age

• Economic
• Grand Canal rice
• Urbanization

• Cultural Features
• Tang anti-Buddhist backlash
• Inventions GUNPOWDER COMPASS
• JUNK SHIP MOVEABLE TYPE

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The Song Golden Age
INVENTIONS
Gunpowder Rockets
Porcelain - Chinaware
Landscape art
Moveable Type
Compass
Chinese junks
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Rise Spread of Islam 600-1450

• Beginnings
• 610 C.E. Prophet Muhammad in Mecca

• Beliefs
• Holy book _____________
• Five Pillars
• 1. ____________________________________ 2.
  ________________________________________ 3.
  ________________________________________ 4.
  ________________________________________ 5.
  ________________________________________

Quran
one god (Allah)
Prayer (5x a day facing Mecca)
Fasting (Ramadan)
Pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj)
Charity
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Islam spread to __________________ _______________
___ __________________
the Middle East, N. Africa, S. Asia

• Split
• Sunni largest branch
• Shia mostly Iran

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Umayyad Caliphate
1st ISLAMIC EMPIRE

• highly centralized (Damascus)

• led by Caliphs

• spread Arabic

• Arabs dominated

• convert or pay tax

• Women gained some rightsbut confined to harem

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Golden Age of Islam

• Abbasid Caliphate sciences, medicine, math,
  astronomy, chemistry, literature

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• Which of the following is a major difference
  between the classical periods in Rome and the
  Islamic civilizations?
• (A) While the Roman Empire fell as a result of
  internal warfare, Islamic dynasties faced few
  internal divisions.
• (B) While Roman society had strict social
  classes, Islam was more egalitarian with fewer
  barriers to social mobility.
• (C) Islamic civilizations were more dependent
  on agriculture.
• (D) While Roman emperors were considered both
  secular and religious leaders, the caliphs were
  secular rulers only.

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Byzantine Empire (400s-1453)

• - Eastern Roman Empire
• Centralized
• Greek language
• E. Orthodox Christianity
• Capital Constantinople
• Empire divided in themes
• Local military leaders
• Land for military service
• HUGE bureaucracy

Byzantium during Justinians reign.
Military
Clergy
Civil Bureaucrats
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Emperor Justinian

• Autocratic Rule
• Wife Theodora
• United Empire Justinians Code
• Hagia Sophia, roads, public baths, mosaics

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Decentralized States
1. Western Europe
2. Japan
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Decentralized States
WESTERN EUROPE
Political - Feudalism - Lords ruled locally -
Catholic Church

• Economic
• Serfdom
• Manoralism (farming)

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Decentralized States
WESTERN EUROPE

• Social
• Nobility
• knights code (chivalry )
• Catholic Church

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Japan

• Political
• bureaucracy Confucian-like
• The Rise of Feudalism
• Shogun supreme...
• loyalties of local samurais

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Japan
Cultural -traditional religion Shinto -
rise of Zen Buddhism - anti-Chinese during Heian
Period
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Nomadic Empires
BIG THREE
The Vikings
The Turks
The Mongols
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Vikings (c. 800-1100)

• Ransacked Europe
• adopted Christianity

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Nomadic Empires The Vikings (c. 800-1100)
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The Turks

• Mercenaries
• Converted to Islam
• Mamluk slaves conquered Abbasid Caliphate

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• in India began Muslim Delhi Sultanate

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The Mongols

• Genghis Khan unites
• horsemanship, archery, terror
• LARGEST LAND EMPIRE EVER

Resist and die. Submit and livepay tribute
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Empire divided into Khanates
Khanate of the Golden Horde
Great Khanate
Chagatai Khanate
Ilkhan Khanate
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• Russia Golden Horde
• local Princes in power
• (at Novgorod)
• TRIBUTARY TAX COLLECTION

• China Yuan Dynasty
• - Kublai Khan
• centralized rule
• - Confucianism outlawed
• - Chinese lowest class

• Middle East Il-khante
• used local bureaucrats
• - TAX FARMING

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Pax Mongolia The Mongol Peace
increase in trade cultural interaction
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Mongol Decline

1. Poor administrators
2. Overexpansion (Japanese failure)
3. Internal Rivalry

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Africa

• Ghana
• Trans-Saharan trade!
• gold salt
• Conversion to Islam!

• Mali
• Gold salt
• Islamic
• King Mansa Musa (hajj)
• Ibn Battuta the traveler

Mosque _at_ Timbuktu
Musas Hajj
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Ibn Battuta
- 75,000 milesacross Muslim world -book
Travels of Ibn Battuta
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Marco Polo

• traveled on Silk Roads
• lived w/ Yuan Dynasty
• brought paper money, gunpowder to Europe

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• 1. Which of the following is an example of an
  event or situation between 600 and 1450 C.E. that
  helps to distinguish it as a new period in world
  history?
• a) The invasions of the Huns disrupted the
  former Roman Empire as they attacked from the
  northeast.
• b) Christianity was spread around the eastern
  Mediterranean by Paul of Tarsus.
• c) The Mongols invaded many areas of Eurasia
  and formed the largest empire in world history.
• d) Buddhism entered China for the first time
  and for a time supplanted Confucianism.

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Marco Polo Ibn Battuta
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• 2. In the 9th century the Tang Dynasty was
  weakened by considerable conflict between
• a) Buddhism and Shintoism
• b) Shintoism and Hinduism
• c) Confucianism and Hinduism
• d) Buddhism and Confucianism

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• 3. In the period between 500 and 1000 C.E., all
  of the following statements accurately compare
  the eastern and western parts of the former Roman
  Empire EXCEPT
• a) Christians in both areas were largely under
  the control of the Pope.
• b) In general the civilizations of the east
  were more advanced economically and culturally
  than the west.
• c) The east kept more aspects of the old Roman
  civilization intact than did the west.
• d) Both civilizations completely collapsed.

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Christianity in Africa

• 1. Egypt Coptic Christians
• 2. Ethiopia

Church of St. George, Ethiopia
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East Africa

• Swahili Coast
• -Indian Ocean maritime trade w/ Arabs
• Swahili trade language
• gold, slaves, ivory

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Crusades

• wars for Holy Land
• Christians Muslims
• Turks win Jerusalem

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Fight for the Holy Land
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European Results

• new goods ideas
• increased trade (Hanseatic League)
• DECLINE OF FEUDALISM
• Florence new banking center

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Portuguese Spice Trade - Ottoman Turks blocked
European traders - Europeans sea routes to the
Indies
- 1400s Portugal explores Africa -port
entrepôts in Africa, India, China
Portuguese trade in China
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Portuguese Spice Trade
The map above shows the voyages of Vasco Da Gama,
who was able to reach India by sea and gain
access to the Spice Islands.
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Spread of Disease

• Black Death
• along Silk Roads
• entered Europe 1340s

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Buddhism Spread

• Mahayana Buddhism
• to C. E. Asia
• -Bodhisattva worship

3. Japan Zen Buddhism

• Theravada Buddhism
• to S.E. Asia