The West Between The Wars

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The West Between The Wars

• Mr. Ermer
• World History Honors
• Miami Beach Senior High

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An Uneasy Peace

• Peace treaty creates new countries, tries to make
  most happy, but doesnt
• US President Wilson knows problems in treaty will
  lead to another war
• League of Nations set to deal with probs
• US does not join, Senate rejects the treaty
• Germany forced to pay 33 billion
• Germany says it cannot pay, France takes control
  of Ruhr Valley (industrial center)
• Germany prints more moneyinflation

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Working Toward Peace

• German money becomes worthless
• Dawes Plan restructures German debt
• US begins heavy investment in Europe
• Treaty of Lorcano draws new German boarders
• Thought to begin new era of European peace
• 1926 Germany joins League of Nations
• 26 nations promise to ban war, but no rules of
  enforcement are set. Promises mean little.

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The Great Depression

• Depression period of low economic activity and
  rising unemployment
• Some countries experience slow economy
• U.S. stock market crash of 1929
• U.S. banks pull investment from Europe
• Political leaders offer simple, but radical,
  solutionspeople support them
• Government economic control increases
• Marxist/Communist ideas gain popularity

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Democracy After The War

• After WWI, many European countries adopt
  democratic systems of government
• Women gain right to vote in many nations
• Germany est the Weimar Republic, weak
• 4.4 million Germans jobless in 1930
• France most powerful continental nation, but
  depression hurts confidence in gov
• Popular Front gov passes economic policy to help
  end depression, it doesnt

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The UK US

• United States and Japan replace British goods,
  British companies hurting
• UKLabor Party loses power, Conservatives make
  changes that help economy
• John Maynard Keynes argues that the government
  should put people to work
• US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt enacts the
  New Deal to end depression
• New Deal spends money on public works, and
  creates Social Security

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The Rise of European Dictators

• Dictatorships rise in Italy, Germany, Spain the
  Soviet Union (Russia)
• France Britain are only big democracies left
• Totalitarian State government aims to control
  political, economic, social, intellectual and
  cultural lives of citizens
• Fascism state is above all else, strong central
  government ruled by dictator
• Authoritarian State Ultimate authority rests
  with the state and its dictator

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Benito Mussolini Italian Fascism

• Economic problems cause middle class fear of
  Communist revolution like Russia
• Worker strikes are many and violent
• Mussolinis Fascists attack Socialists
• Uses peoples fears and patriotism to grow
  support for his Fascist movement
• 1922 Mussolini named prime minister
• 1926 All other parties outlawed, OVRA
• Propaganda molds single-minded community of
  Italian Fascists

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The New Soviet Union

• Control of production, lack of goods causes
  Russians to strike and revolt
• 1921 Lenin ends war communism for NEP
• Modified version of capitalism brings growth
• 1924 Lenin dies, Politburo cant pick new
  leaderTrotsky vs. Stalin
• eventually agrees on Joseph Stalin is leader
• Stalin gains complete control of Communists
• Purges all who disagree, Trotsky exiled to Mex.
• Stalin ends NEP, starts Five-Year Plan

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Stalins Five Year Plan

• Sets goals for five year period
• Russia industrializes very rapidly
• Cities grow too fast, poor conditions
• Collectivization of agriculture
• Stalin strengthens his control of govt
• Purges all old Bolsheviks
• 8 million Russians arrested, millions more sent
  to labor camps or executed
• Takes back civil rights/freedoms granted in the
  20s

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Other Authoritarian Regimes

• Eastern European countries embrace strong leaders
  who promise to fight communism
• Only Czechoslovakia remains democratic
• 1936 In Spain, General Francisco Franco leads
  Fascist military revolt
• Italy and Germany support Francos cause
• 1939 Franco sets up dictatorship in Spain,
  favoring large landowners, businessmen and priests

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Adolf Hitler The Nazis

• Born 4/20/1889 in Austria, fails high school,
  goes to Vienna to be artistfails
• Fights in WWIs Western Front, then enters
  politics in Germany
• 1921 Hitler controls the National Socialist
  German Workers Party (NASDAP-Nazi)
• Hitler leads a revolt in Munich, fails, jailed
• In jail, writes Mein Kampf, where he outlines his
  belief in Social Darwinism, nationalist,
  anti-Semitism, and anti-communism

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Rise of Nazism

• Hitler expands Nazism to all of Germany
• 1929 Largest party in the Reichstag
• Conservatives look to Hitler for leadership
• March 23, 1933 Reichstag passes Enabling Act,
  Hitler can ignore constitution
• Concentration Camps set up for opposition
• All other parties abolished, Hitler is sole ruler
  of Germany called Fuhrer
• Nazis push for an Aryan nation, to dominate
  Europe like the Romans as third German Empire
  (Holy Roman and German Empire of 1871)

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Nazi Germany 1933-1939

• SS Special force, directed by Heinrich Himmler,
  acting as Hitlers body guards, and controlling
  secret and regular police
• put into building and militarization
• Unemployment down, depression ends
• Social organizations and parades boost support,
  help teach Nazi ideals
• Gender roles defined by the party
• Anti-Semitic policies enacted by govt
• November 9, 1938 Kristallnacht

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Work On It

• Page 450, write and answer questions 1-8