Nationalism and Sectionalism in Politics

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Nationalism and Sectionalism in Politics
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James Monroes Presidency

• 1817-1825
• Known as the Era of Good Feelings due to
  Americans loyalty to the U.S. after the War of
  1812

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McCulloch v. Maryland

• WHAT CAUSED THE CASE?
• 2nd Bank of America was approved in 1816
• Proposed by John C. Calhoun
• Maryland tried to tax the bank in 1819
• Led to Supreme Court Case

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• WHAT DID MARSHALL HAVE TO DECIDE?
• Creation of the bank constitutional?
• If so, could Maryland tax it?
• MARSHALLS DECISION
• Bank was constitutional under necessary and
  proper clause
• MD could not tax b/c it would interfere with a
  federal agency

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Monroe Doctrine

• WHY WAS IT MADE?
• European Empires wanted to help Spain reclaim
  lost territories in Latin America
• England wanted America to help limit European
  powers in the western hemisphere

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• WHAT WAS IT ISSUED TO DO?
• Push back Russian claims on Oregon
• U.S. not look like Englands Jr. Partner
• WHY WAS IT IMPORTANT?
• Asserted Americas role as a world power
• Beginning of policy of preventing Europe from
  interfering in Latin American affairs
• US told Europe it could no longer establish
  colonies in the western hemisphere

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Election of 1824

• Reflected sectional tensions
• The Democratic-Republican Party, which had
  followers across the nation, was showing signs of
  splitting
• 4 candidatesall members of the
  Democratic-Republican Party

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Election of 1824
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Henry Clay

• From Kentucky
• Representing the West
• Platform was called the American System in which
  he supported
• The national bank
• Protective Tariff
• Nationwide internal improvements (roads,
  waterways, canals, etc.)

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Andrew Jackson

• From Tennessee
• Representing the West
• War hero at the Battle of New Orleans

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John Quincy Adams

• From Massachusetts
• Represented the Northeast
• Wanted internal improvements but did not support
  tariffs

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William Crawford

• From Georgia
• Represented the South
• Believed in states rights and a strict
  interpretation of the Constitution

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• WHO WON?
• Jackson and Adams tied electoral votes
• House of Representatives had to vote to break the
  tie
• Adams won the election with the vote of the House
  in his favor

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Corrupt Bargain

• Supporters of Jackson accused Clay of arranging
  votes for Adams in the House in exchange for a
  cabinet position (Clay would become Adams
  Secretary of State)
• This became known as the corrupt bargain
• Clay did get the Sec. of State position, but no
  wrongdoing was ever proven

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Democratic-Republicans Split

• Supporters of Jackson called themselves the
  Democratic-Republicans but shortened it to
  Democrats
• Supporters of Adams and Clay were now the
  National Republicans

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Election of 1828

• Both sides heavily bashed the other
  candidatemore mudslinging
• Adams said Jackson was ignorant, incompetent, and
  adulterous
• Jackson said Adams was corrupt, untrustworthy,
  and that he wasted tax money

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• WHO WON AND WHY?
• Jackson with a clear majority he appealed to
  the common man
• More people allowed to vote this time because
  land ownership restrictions were dropped
  (universal white male suffrage)

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Jacksons Era

• Nickname Peoples President, Old Hickory
• Orphaned at 14 years of age
• Little formal education
• War Hero
• Violent nature (5 duels1 kill)
• With his inaugural address he makes many promises
  to open up the democratic process even further
  (universal white male suffrage)

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Tariff of 1828

• a.k.a. Tariff of Abominationsname given by SC
• SC threatened to secede from the Union believed
  the tariff unfairly burdened the South
• John C. Calhoun, VP but also a SC native wanted
  to figure out a way to solve the problem

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• Calhoun states that SC should use nullification
• Believed states had a right to declare federal
  laws null and void since they created the Union
• 2 opposing opinions
• Liberty first union afterwards
• Liberty and Union are one and inseparable

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• SC passed the Nullification Act and declared the
  Tariff of 1828 unconstitutional
• Jackson supported the side of the Union in this
  matter
• Jackson signed the Force Bill, stating that a
  President can use military to enforce acts of
  congress

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• He sent a warship to Charleston Harbor because he
  believed that nullification treason
• SC eventually repealed the law
• Clay had pushed a bill through Congress that
  would lower the nations tariffs within 2 years
• Both sides felt they had won

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Spoils System

• Jackson believed strongly in the idea of majority
  rule
• He thought that ordinary citizens should play an
  important part in the government

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• He began to appoint people to government
  positions that were loyal to the party and to him
• He thought that government jobs were plain and
  simple and could be easily filled by anyone

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Issues with Native Americans

• Indian Removal Act
• Worcester v. Georgia

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National Bank

• Jackson was very suspicious of the Second Bank
• He believed it was a monopoly for the rich
  didnt benefit the common man
• Jackson eventually killed the bank by removing
  all of the money and placing it into selected
  state banks called Pet Banks that Jackson
  controlled
• Jackson receives the nickname King Andrew
  because opponents believed he was abusing his
  power by killing the BUS

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New Party Emerges

• Whigs- named after the party in England who
  worked to limit Kings power
• They are defeated by Democrats in the Election of
  1836 because they cannot settle on a single
  candidate

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Election of 1840

• Whigs nominated General William Henry Harrison
  and John Tyler Tippecanoe and Tyler Too
• Harrison won
• On March 4, 1841, Harrison delivered his
  inauguration speech

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• The weather that day was cold and Harrison
  insisted on giving his 2 hour speech without a
  coat or hat
• He came down with pneumonia and died 1 month
  later, leaving Tyler to become president
• He has the shortest presidential term in U.S.
  history