The Origins of American Politics 1789-1820

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The Origins of American Politics1789-1820

• CHAPTER 6

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SECTION 1

• Liberty Versus Order in the 1790s

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Vocabulary

• Tariff, interest, strict construction, loose
  construction, neutral, Whiskey Rebellion, Jays
  Treaty, political parties.

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I. Describe Alexander Hamiltons program for
dealing with national and state debts.

• A. Hamiltons Programs
• 1. strong supporter of strong national power
• 2. Hamiltons debt plan consolidated the
  nations war
• debts into one debt to be paid off by
  the national
• government
• B. Hamiltons Strategy
• 1. debt was owed to European banks and American
  merchants
• 2. Congress created a tariff tax on foreign
  goods
• 3. Congress placed a tax on whiskey
• 4. Interest charge for borrowed money extra
  sum that
• borrowers pay
  creditors in return for the loan
• 5. Congress established the Bank of the United
  States 1791

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I. Describe Alexander Hamiltons program for
dealing with national and state debts.

• C. Hamiltons Opponents
• 1. Dislike of federal government in local and
  state affairs
• 2. Dislike of taxes
• 3. Jefferson was opposed resigned as Sec. of
  State
• a) Jefferson Strict Construction belief that
  the
• Constitution
  should be interpreted
• exactly as it is
  written
• - should not start a national bank
• - more faith in people than
  government
• b) Hamilton Loose Construction belief that
  the
• Constitution was
  intended as a
• foundation to be
  freely built upon

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II. Explain how the French Revolution
divided Americans.

• A. American Reactions
• 1. Federalists opposed it seeing it as an
  example of a
• 
  democratic revolution gone wrong
• 2. Jefferson viewed it as an extension of the
  
• American Revolution
• B. Choosing Sides
• 1. Neutral not taking sides in a dispute

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III. Describe the causes and effects of the
Whiskey Rebellion.

• A. Whiskey Rebellion
• 1. Cause Occurred in response to Hamiltons
  debt plan
• 2. Closed courts and attacks on debt collectors
• 3. Government exerted its military force
• 4. Effect Government committed to enforcing
  its laws

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IV. Summarize the debate over Jays Treaty and
the resulting rise of political parties.

• A. Washington and Hamilton believed long-term
  interest of U.S.
• would be better by siding with
  Britain
• B. Chief Justice John Jay sent to negotiate
  Jays Treaty
• C. Jays Treaty between United States and
  Britain
• aimed at
  expanding trade
• D. Jeffersonian Republican
• 1. Republicans or Democratic-Republicans
• were critics of Federalists
  opposition to Jays Treaty
• 2. Not modern Republicans or Democrats
• 3. Jeffersonian Republicans and Federalists were
  the first
• political parties group of people
  who seek office to control
• government policy and programs

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Persuasive Essay

• Taking the part of a Jeffersonian Republican,
  write a campaign speech stating reasons why
  voters should elect Jefferson over Adams in the
  election of 1796.

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Bell Ringer

1. What is the difference between loose construction
   and strict construction?
2. Who opposed the Federalists?
3. What did the Federal govt demonstrate in its
   reaction to the Whiskey Rebellion?

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SECTION 2

• The Government Takes a New Course

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Vocabulary

• XYZ Affair, Alien and Sedition Acts, Virginia and
  Kentucky Resolutions, nullification.

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I. Summarize the actions of
John Adams as President.

• A. John Adams as President
• 1. Party differences and threat of war from
  France
• 2. XYZ Affair French secret agents attempted
  bribery of American diplomats
• Slogan Millions for defense, but not one
  cent for tribute bribery.
• 3. Americans refused to pay bribe undeclared
  war began
• 4. Increase in the size of the army, higher
  taxes, support of the army and navy
• B. Alien and Sedition Acts
• 1. Legislation giving the President the power to
  deport citizens of other countries
• and giving the government the right
  to imprison its critics
• 2. Used to silence Republican opposition
• 3. Increased tensions between Federalists and
  Jeffersonian Republicans

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I. Summarize the actions of
John Adams as President.

• C. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
• 1. Jefferson and Madison believed Alien and
  Sedition Acts violated
• freedom of speech
• 2. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
• a. Resolutions stating that the states had the
  right to judge whether a
• federal law agreed with
  the Constitution
• b. Defy the federal governments power
• c. Nullification decision by a state that a
  federal law is null and void
• D. Increasing Tensions
• 1. Jeffersonians Spirit of 1776 Declaration
  of Independence idea of liberty
• 2. Federalists Spirit of 1787 Constitution
  idea of order

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II. Describe the events of
Gabriel Prossers Rebellion.

• A. A blacksmith named Gabriel Prosser and
  several other slaves planned a rebellion.
• B. Intended to take over Richmond and win
  freedom.
• C. It failed. They were caught and at least 20
  of them were executed.

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III. Explain the outcome and the importance of
the election of 1800.

• A. Jefferson won the Popular Vote in 1800, but
  was
• unable to get a majority in the
  Electoral College
• B. Jefferson was chosen President in 1800 by the
  
• House of Representatives
• C. Peaceful Transfer of Power
• 1. Executive and Legislative branches of federal
  government
• controlled by Jeffersonian
  Republicans
• 2. Political power could be transferred
  peacefully

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SECTION 3

• The Jefferson Administration

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Vocabulary

• Agenda bureaucracy Marbury v. Madison judicial
  review Louisiana Purchase Lewis and Clark
  expedition embargo

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I. Describe how Jefferson both reduced and
expanded the power of the national government.

• A. Agenda list of things to accomplish
• 1. reduced the influence of the national
  government
• 2. limit national governments presence in
  peoples lives
• B. Reducing Government
• 1. cut taxes and reduced size of federal
  bureaucracy
• 2. bureaucracy departments and workers that
  make up the federal government
• C. Jefferson allowed the Bank of the United
  States to operate
• D. Re-elected in 1804 very popular

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I. Describe how Jefferson both reduced and
expanded the power of the national government.

• E. Hamilton and Burr
• 1. Jeffersons rivals
• 2. Burr Vice-President
• 3. Burr shot and killed Hamilton in a duel

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I. Describe how Jefferson both reduced and
expanded the power of the national government.

• F. Judiciary Acts
• 1. Judiciary Acts of 1789 and 1801 were
• passed by Congress to expand the
  judicial
• branchs court system
• 2. Created a national court system with circuit
• and district courts, all headed by the
  
• Supreme Court

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II. Understand the Supreme Courts
power to review laws.

• A. John Marshall Chief Justice of the Supreme
  Court
• 1. Appointed by John Adams
• 2. Marbury v. Madison 1803 President Adams
  appoints, Marbury as Justice of the Peace. But
  under orders from, President Jefferson, Sec. of
  State Madison never delivers the official papers
  to Marbury.
• Marbury sues Madison for the position of Justice
  of the Peace.
• Chief Justice Marshall states the Supreme Court
  cannot give this order to the Executive Branch.

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Result

• a. Marshall increased the power of the executive
  
• and judicial branches
• b. Judicial Review enables federal courts to
• review state laws and state court
  decisions to
• determine if they are in keeping with
  the
• federal Constitution
• c. Allows federal courts to decide whether laws
• passed by Congress are constitutional

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III. Identify important foreign policies of the
Jefferson administration.

• A. Land in the West
• 1. Northwest Ordinance of 1787 process by
  which territories could become states.
• 2. Land Act of 1800 Americans were able to buy
  
• land in small parcels on credit in the
  West near the
• Mississippi River

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III. Identify important foreign policies of the
Jefferson administration.

• B. The Louisiana Purchase
• 1. Napoleon and the French
• a. French leader, Napoleon, controlled the
  Mississippi River
• and New Orleans area
• b. Jefferson sent James Monroe to Paris to buy
  city of New
• Orleans for an offer of 10 Million
• c. Napoleon refused to sell just New Orleans but
  offered
• Louisiana
• d. Monroe offered 15 million and Napoleon
  accepted.
• e. Purchased foreign land before he had
  Congress approval.

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III. Identify important foreign policies of the
Jefferson administration.

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III. Identify important foreign policies of the
Jefferson administration.

• B. The Louisiana Purchase
• 2. Napoleon and the French
• a. Louisiana Purchase from France in 1803 of
  New
• Orleans and a huge area of land west
  of the
• Mississippi River
• b. Significant because it greatly increased the
  size of the
• United States

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III. Identify important foreign policies of the
Jefferson administration.

• A. The Louisiana Purchase

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III. Identify important foreign policies of the
Jefferson administration.

• C. Lewis and Clark Expedition
• 1. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark
• 2. Expedition to explore land included in the
• Louisiana Purchase in the Spring of
  1804
• 3. Search river routes to the western ocean
• 4. Made contact with Native Americans
• 5. Gather information about natural resources
• 6. Two-years four-months
• 7. Later voyages by Zebulon Pike

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III. Identify important foreign policies of the
Jefferson administration.

• B. Lewis and Clark Expedition

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III. Identify important foreign policies of the
Jefferson administration.

• C. Lewis and Clark Expedition
• 8. Hired French-Canadian fur trader and his wife
  as
• interpreters
• wife was Shoshone Indian Sacajawea

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III. Identify important foreign policies of the
Jefferson administration.

• D. Jeffersons Foreign Policy
• 1. Jays Treaty expires in 1805.
• 2. Thus, fighting begins. France, Britain, and
  U.S. interfere with trade amongst the other two.
• 3. Britain kidnaps American sailors to serve in
  their navy AND attacks the U.S.S. Chesapeake
  inflicting 21 causalities!
• 4. Embargo of 1807 Jeffersons response to the
  attacks.
• a. Embargo restriction on trade
• b. Unpopular and unsuccessful because it affects
  the money making ability of American merchants.

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Bell Ringer

• Complete 6.1-6.3 Review Questions
• As you are working, I will call you up for
  grades.

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SECTION 4

• Native American Resistance

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Vocabulary

• Treaty of Greenville reservation assimilation
  Battle of Tippecanoe

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I. Describe the condition of Native Americans in
the Old Northwest around 1790.

• A. After the War for Independence, the Miamis,
  Delawares,
• and Shawnees were able to fight
  successfully against
• American expansion
• B. Treaty of Greenville agreement Native
  Americans were
• forced to accept after the Battle of
  Fallen Timbers

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II. Summarize the ideas of Native American
leaders about dealing with the United States.

• A. Accepting White Culture
• 1. After his defeat by the Americans, Little
  Turtle
• adopted parts of American culture
• B. Blending Indian and American Cultures
• 1. reservation area set aside for Native
  Americans
• who lost their
  homelands
• 2. Handsome Lake stabilized Seneca society by
• urging his people to blend Seneca and
  European
• cultures

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II. Summarize the ideas of Native American
leaders about dealing with the United States.

• C. Returning to Indian Traditions
• 1. assimilation process by which people of one
  culture become
• part of
  another culture
• 2. Tenskwatawa the Prophet called for the
  Miamis,
• Delawares, and Shawnees to
  completely reject European
• culture
• D. Taking Military Action
• 1. Tecumseh led the protest to the Treaty of
  Fort Wayne in which
• Native Americans were tricked into
  giving up their land
• 2. Battle of Tippecanoe military encounter
  between Governor
• William Henry Harrison and
  Tenskwatawa
• 3. The Battle of Tippecanoe resulted in a loss
  of Native American
• culture

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SECTION 5

• The War of 1812

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Vocabulary

• Impressment War of 1812 Treaty of Ghent Battle
  of New Orleans depression Missouri Compromise

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I. Explain the causes and results of the War of
1812.

• A. War Breaks Out
• 1. Anger Toward Britain
• a. Impressment forcing people into military
  service
• b. War of 1812 the United States declared war
  on
• Great
  Britain because of continued
• British
  harassment
• 2. The Land War
• a. William Henry Harrison defeated British and
  
• Native Americans in British-held
  Canada
• b. Andrew Jackson defeated Creek Indians at
• Horseshoe Bend in Alabama

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I. Explain the causes and results of the War of
1812.

• A. War Breaks Out
• 3. The Naval War
• a. U.S.S. Constitution Old Ironsides
• b. Dont give up the ship
• 4. The burning of Washington, D.C.
• a. James and Dolly Madison warned and fled
• b. British burned the United States Capital and
• White House
• c. All night British bombarded Fort McHenry,
• Francis Scott Key wrote the
  Star-Spangled Banner

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I. Explain the causes and results of the War of
1812.

• A. War Breaks Out
• 5. The War Ends
• a. Mr. Madisons War had left
• 1. national treasury empty
• 2. Capital in ruins
• 3. British blockade had brought trade to a
  standstill
• b. Treaty of Ghent treaty ending the War of
  1812
• c. Battle of New Orleans
• 1. event that took place after the War of 1812
  had
• officially ended
• 2. victory for the United States
• 3. unified the country, restored patriotism,
  and
• made Andrew Jackson a national
  hero

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II. Describe the events leading to the economic
panic of 1819.

• A. Post-war Boom and Panic
• 1. 1815 U.S. has period of growth and
  prosperity.
• 2. Republicans dominate, Federalists die out.
• 3. Congress creates Second Bank of the U.S. to
  deal with financial problems.
• 4. People get loans from U.S. bank and move
  westward.

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II. Describe the events leading to the economic
panic of 1819.

• B. Problem
• 1. London banks demand banks in the U.S. pay
  money owed to them. American banks in turn
  demand the money they loaned to the public.
• 2. Many borrowed more than they could afford and
  were financial ruined.
• This is the first great depression in U.S.
  history.

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III. Understand the issues that led to the
Missouri Compromise.

• A. Northern states objected to admitting
  Missouri as a slave
• state because it would increase the
  power of the southern
• states in the Senate
• B. Missouri Compromise
• 1. established 36 30 N latitude as dividing
  line
• between free and slave states
• 2. slavery would be allowed in Missouri,
• but Maine would be admitted as a free
  state