Enlightenment and Absolutism

1
Enlightenment and Absolutism

• Philosophy in the Age of Reason

2
Thomas Hobbes

• Publications Leviathan
• Views on Human Nature cruel greedy (if not
  controlled, people would fight one another)

3
Thomas Hobbes (Views on Government)

• Social Contract gave up state of nature (no
  rules) for an organized society (an agreement
  between people and government)
• Best government absolute monarch (ensure
  order/control)

4
John Locke

• Publications Two Treatises of Government
• Views on Human Nature reasonable and
  moral/natural rights (life, liberty, and property)

5
John Locke (Views on Government)

• Rejected absolute monarchs (monarchs are not
  chosen by God)
• Social Contract give up nature and government
  will protect your rights (life, liberty, and
  property)
• If the government fails, you have the right to
  overthrow the government
• People give government the power to exist

6
Jacques Rousseau

• Publications Social Contract
• Views on Human Nature happy and possess natural
  rights

7
Jacques Rousseau (Views on Government)

• Social Contract give up nature so that the
  government can enforce the will of the majority
  (General Will will of the majority)

8
Montesquieu

• Publications Spirit of the Laws
• Views on Government 3 branches of government
  (separation of powers) and checks and balances

9
Voltaire

• Views on Government 1. Freedom of speech
• 2. Religious tolerance
• 3. Separation of
• church and state

10
Thomas Jefferson

• Publication Declaration of Independence
• Views on Government based on Lockes ideas ?
  natural rights (life, liberty, and the pursuit of
  happiness)

11
Enlightenment and Technology

• The Age of Reason witnessed inventions and
  innovations in technology that stimulated trade
  and transportation

12
Enlightenment and Technology

• All-weather roads improved year- round transport
  and trade.
• New designs in farm tools increased productivity
  (agricultural revolution).
• Improvements in ship design lowered the cost of
  transport

13
Enlightenment and Art

• The Enlightenment brought a new emphasis on the
  order and balance in the arts as artists borrowed
  heavily from classical Greece and Rome.
• New forms of literature were established.

14
Art and Literature of the 16th, 17th, and 18th
centuries

• New forms of art and literature
• Paintings showed classical subjects, public
  events, natural scenes, and living people
  (portraits).
• New forms of literature developedthe novel
  (e.g., Cervantes Don Quixote).

15
Art and Literature of the 16th, 17th, and 18th
centuries

• Representative artists, philosophers, and writers
• Johann Sebastian Bach Composer
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Composer
• Eugène DelacroixPainter
• Miguel de CervantesNovelist