The Age of Enlightenment

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The Age of Enlightenment
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What does it mean to be enlightened?
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To gain knowledge and wisdom to be freed from
prejudice, ignorance, or superstition
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What is the Enlightenment commonly referred to
as?
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The Age of Reason
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What is reason?
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To think logically
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How did Enlightenment thinkers differ from
scientists?
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They applied reason to the human world not just
the natural world!
The Human world includes government and law
Natural World Scientists applied reason to it
using the scientific method
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When was the Enlightenment?
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1600-1800
17th and 18th centuries
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How were the Enlightenment and Renaissance
similar?
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Both studied the ideas and art of ancient Greece
and Rome.
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What new form of literature evolved during the
Age of Enlightenment?
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The novel
The most popular novel author today is John
Grisham
Tom Clancy is also very popular today
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Who wrote Don Quixote?
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Cervantes
Cervantes was from Spain
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What was Don Quixote about?
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It was a story about an idiotic knight--the book
made fun of knights and the middle ages
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What was significant about Don Quixote?
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It was the first novel (fiction-- not a true
story)
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What Age of Enlightenment book did Thomas Hobbes
write?
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Leviathan
A Leviathan is a huge sea monster
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What did Hobbes argue was the best form of
government in Leviathan?
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Absolutism to manage behavior
The Leviathan, or sea monster, represents the all
powerful government Hobbes believed exist to
avoid chaos
Hobbes absolute ruler
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Who wrote the Two Treatises of Government?
The mystery author!
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John Locke
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A. What did Locke argue was the best form of
Government? B. Why?
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A. democracy B. Locke believed in democracy
because he argued the people were SOVEREIGN--the
people have ultimate power
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What three rights did Locke say the Government
MUST protect?
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Life, liberty, and property
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What affects did John Locke have on the United
States?
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He influenced the Declaration of Independence.
among these rights are life, liberty, and the
pursuit of happiness
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Who wrote The Spirit of Laws?
Who is this author?
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Baron de Montesquieu
Montesquieu was from France
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What idea about the structure of government did
Montesquieu express in Spirit?
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separation of powers --3 branches of government
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(No Transcript)
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Why did Montesquieu advocate separation of
powers?
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In order to avoid one person gaining all the
power (NO ABSOLUTISM!)
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If Montesqueiu is AGAINST absolutism, then which
thinker does he disagree with?
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Thomas Hobbes
A Leviathan The absolute government
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What affect did Montesquieu have on the United
States ?
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Montesquieu influenced the U.S. Constitution
The Constitution sets up three branches of
Government, just as Montesquieu recommended.
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What was Voltaire famous for saying?
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I disapprove of what you say, but will defend to
the death your right to say it
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What does this quote defend?
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Freedom of speech and religion
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What was Voltaires opinion on the relationship
between religion and the government?
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There should be separation of church and state
Church
State
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Who wrote the Social Contract?
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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What does Rousseau say about The Social (or
societys) Contract?
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It is a contract between the people and their
rulers
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(No Transcript)
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What does Rousseau say should happen if this
contract is broken by the rulers?
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The people should rebel!
The Storming of Bastille
Liberty leading the People by Delacroix
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List the Five Enlightenment writers/thinkers
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1. Thomas Hobbes 2. John Locke 3. Baron de
Montesquieu 4. Jean-Jacques Rousseau 5. Voltaire
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Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? Which
Enlightenment thinker influenced it the most?
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Thomas Jefferson John Locke
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What were the effects of the Enlightenment? (Use
the acronym)
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The Enlightenment had some F.A.S.T. thinkers!
I know the answer, I know the answer
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Which Enlightenment effect does the F in
F.A.S.T. stand for?
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Fueled democratic revolutions around world
(American, French)
F.
Bastille The French Revolution Begins July 14,
1789!
Signing of the Declaration of Independence July
4, 1776
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Which Enlightenment effect does the A in
F.A.S.T. stand for?
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Applied reason to the human world (government,
law)
A
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Which Enlightenment effect does the S in
F.A.S.T. stand for?
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Stimulated religious tolerance
S.
It would be reasonable if we all just got along,
wouldnt it?
Billy Graham,Protestant, and Pope John Paul II
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Which Enlightenment effect does the T in
F.A.S.T. stand for?
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Taught that our rights come from natural law NOT
the government
T.
Natural rights
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Name two famous Enlightenment composers of music.
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Johann Sebastian Bach Wolfgang Amedeus Mozart
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What famous Enlightenment painting is this?
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Liberty Leading the People
Lady Liberty
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Who painted Liberty Leading the People?
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Eugene Delacroix