The Union in Peril Chapter 10

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The Union in PerilChapter 10

• Causes, key events, and consequences leading to
  the CIVIL WAR

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• Is it possible to compromise on an ethical issue
  such as slavery?

The Union in Peril

• the prospect ahead is dark, cloudy, thick and
  gloomy. Alexander H. Stephens
• the greatest question that can ever come under
  your consideration How can the Union be
  preserved? John C. Calhoun
• Peaceable secession!there can be no such thing
  as a peaceable secession! Daniel Webster

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The slaveholding states will no longer have the
power of self-government, or self-protection, and
the federal government will become their enemy. .
. .South Carolina legislature, 1860 The Union
is older than any of these states, and, in fact,
it created them as states.Abraham Lincoln,
1861 These quotes represent two sides in which
important conflict in American history? A the
conflict over how much independence states should
have in the federal system B the conflict over
what level of representation small states should
have in the federal legislature C the conflict
over an amendment to the Constitution that would
allow slavery in the territories D the conflict
over whether or not to forcibly remove Native
Americans from their lands in the West
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Causes of the Civil War

• 1. Conflict over slavery in territories
• 2. Failure of Compromise in Congress
• States Rights
• 3. Election of Lincoln as President
• 4. Secession of Southern states
• 5. Firing on Fort Sumter, South Carolina

• Remember the Ss L!!!

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Slavery in the Territories The Missouri Question
- Northerners were against adding Missouri to the
union as a slave state because it would disrupt
the balance of power in Congress between slave
and free states.
Illinois (1818) Alabama (1819)
Indiana (1816) Mississippi (1817)
Ohio (1803) Louisiana (1812)
Vermont (1791) Tennessee (1796)
Rhode Island Kentucky (1792)
New York Virginia
New Hampshire North Carolina
Massachusetts South Carolina
Connecticut Maryland
New Jersey Georgia
Pennsylvania Delaware
Balance of Free and Slave States (1819)
Original 13 States
Free States
Slave States
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Balance of Free and Slave States (1821)
Missouri Compromise Missouri was admitted to the
union as a slave state, and Maine was admitted as
a free state.
Maine (1820)
Missouri (1821)
Illinois (1818) Alabama (1819)
Indiana (1816) Mississippi (1817)
Ohio (1803) Louisiana (1812)
Vermont (1791) Tennessee (1796)
Rhode Island Kentucky (1792)
New York Virginia
New Hampshire North Carolina
Massachusetts South Carolina
Connecticut Maryland
New Jersey Georgia
Pennsylvania Delaware
Original 13 States
Free States
Slave States
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An imaginary line was drawn across the southern
border of Missouri at the latitude 36 30'N.
36 , 30
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Slavery was banned north of 36 , 30'N, except
for Missouri.
Slavery was allowed in the part of the
Louisiana Purchase south of the 36 , 30'N.
Sectionalism loyalty to a state or section
rather than to the whole country.
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Ch. 10.1
Slavery in the TerritoriesWilmot Proviso
banned slavery
in all
territories

• Northern Congressmen voted for it
• Feared Southern control of Congress
• Southern Congress voted against it
• Undermine constitutional protection of property
• Feared loss of power in Congress would lead to
  laws ending slavery

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Compromise of 1850

• California applies for statehood and outlaws
  slavery
• South said this violated Missouri Compromise
  threatened to secede
• Compromise
• California admitted as free state
• Utah and New Mexico decide slavery issue by
  voting
• Popular Sovereignty-right of residents of a
  territory to vote for or against slavery.
• Sale of slaves banned in Washington, DC, but
  slavery itself may continue
• Fugitive Slave Act passed-North must return
  runaway slaves or be fined plus jail time

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Compromise of 1850
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(No Transcript)
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Harriet Beecher Stowe Dred Scott
Ch. 10.2

• 2 important mile markers on the Road to the Civil
  War
• After listening to the clip, be able to explain
  how they increased tensions between the North and
  the South.
• Write down your ideas in your notes.
• American HistoryThe Civil War--North vs. South

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Harriet Beecher Stowe

• Uncle Toms Cabin- anti-slavery book by Harriet
  Beecher Stowe
• Depicted the institution of slavery
• Caused many people to be sympathetic to the
  abolitionist cause

• Sold 300,000 copies in the first year
• 2 million in a decade!

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HarrietBeecherStowe(1811 1896)
So this is the lady who started the Civil War.
-- Abraham Lincoln
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The Underground Railroad

• A series of secret passages leading from the
  South to Northern cities and Canada to help
  slaves escape from slavery
• Harriet Tubman- famous conductor in the
  underground RR.

Tour the Underground Railroad
http//teacher.scholastic.com/activities/bhistory/
underground5Frailroad/
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Kansas Nebraska Act (1854)

• Look at the map on p. 314
• Did away with the Missouri Compromise
• Let Kansas and Nebraska decide on the issue of
  slavery (popular sovereignty-people decide issue)

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Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
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Violence Erupts in Bleeding Kansas

• Read pp. 315-316 create a focus circle of
  information on the causes of conflict in Kansas
• BE PREPARED TO SHARE WITH CLASS

Bleeding Kansas
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Focus Circle

• Immigrants came looking for farms mostly
  anti-slavery

• Border ruffians from slave states came just to
  vote for slavery

• .

• Settlers poured into the area bringing weapons,
  animals, seeds, and farm supplies to Anti-slavery
  groups

Pro-slavery won a majority set a pro-slavery
govt in Lecompton to pass laws favoring slavery.
Bleeding Kansas
Anti-slavery group settled in Lawrence
Pro-slavery sheriff was sent to arrest town
leaders 800 men swept through Lawrence burned
buildings and arrested citizens
Pottawatomie Massacre- John Brown radical
abolitionist led revenge attack on 5
pro-slavers set off more attacks 200 people
killed people lived in fear
Violence in the Senate
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Bleeding Kansas

• Both slavery supporters and abolitionists rush
  into Kansas and set up rival govts
• Armed clashes b/t the 2 sides common
• John Brown, the famous abolitionist, believed God
  called on him to end slavery
• Pottawatomie Massacre-John Brown and his people
  drug pro-slavery people from their beds, hacked
  off their hands, and stabbed them with
  broadswords

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Bleeding Kansas
Border Ruffians(pro-slavery Missourians)
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John Brown Madman or Martyr?

• In 1856, an abolitionist named John Brown
  murdered five proslavery men in Kansas

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SEOCT ?

• Which of the following was a belief held by John
  Brown (18001859)?
• A Individual states should decide whether to
  permit slavery.
• B Abolitionists should work for gradual change.
• C The South should work to diversify its economic
  base.
• D Slavery should be abolished by violent means,
  if necessary.

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Violence in the Senate Pg. 316-317

• Describe the Northern and Southern reactions to
  the incident between Charles Sumner and Preston
  Brooks.

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The Crime Against Kansas
Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA)
Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC)
The cartoon shows Preston Brooks attacking
Charles Sumner in the U.S. Senate chamber
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Violence in the Senate
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Slavery issue and Politics
Ch. 10.3

• Whig Party-North opposed slavery South left
  party.
• Know-Nothing Party - (American Party) believed
  in nativism
• feared rising number of immigrants
• Free Soil Party opposed the extension of
  slavery appealed to Northern voters.

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The Birth of the Republican Party

• 1854 former Northern Whigs and anti-slavery
  Democrats and Free Soilers formed new party
• opposed Kansas-Nebraska Act
• drew support from wide range of people-wanted to
  stop expansion of slavery in territories

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Slavery and Secession
Ch. 10.4

• P. 324 Personal Voice
• A house divided against itself cannot stand. I
  believe this government cannot endure permanently
  half slave and half free. I do not expect the
  Union to be dissolved I do not expect the house
  to fall-but I do expect it will cease to be
  divided. It will become all one thing or all the
  other.
• Abraham Lincoln

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Dred Scott V. Sandford Dred Scott Decision -
FACTS
Dred Scott was a slave from Missouri. (MO)
Dred Scott
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Dred Scott Decision - FACTS
Scott and his owner moved to Wisconsin for four
years.
Dred Scott
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Dred Scott Decision - FACTS
Scotts owner died after returning to Missouri.
Dred Scott
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Dred Scott Decision - FACTS
Scott sued for his freedom. He claimed that he
should be a free man since he lived in a free
territory (WI) for four years.
Dred Scott
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Results of Dred Scott Case

• Scott was not a citizen
• Living in a free territory didnt make a slave
  free
• Congress had no right to outlaw slavery because
  slaves were property protected under 5th
  Amendment.Missouri Compromise was
  unconstitutional
• South saw it as clearing the way for the
  extension of slavery in all territories.
• Northerners now turned to the Republican Party as
  a way to keep slavery in check.

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RESULTS
Dred Scott was not given his freedom.
The Missouri Compromise was found to be
unconstitutional.
Open to slavery through popular sovereignty
(Compromise of 1850)
Open to slavery through popular sovereignty
(KS-NE Act)
Missouri Compromise line is declared
unconstitutional (Dred Scott Decision)
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Rise of Abraham Lincoln
A House divided against itself, cannot stand

• Compare/Contrast pp.325-326

Abraham Lincoln
Stephen Douglas
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Lincoln..

• Self educated
• Served one term of Congress
• Republican
• Spoke in plain language
• Believed slavery was immoral
• Believed that slavery had to be ended by Congress
• Did not believe that Popular Sovereignty would
  work
• Did not believe in punishing the South during
  Reconstruction
• Was an excellent politician and leader

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Douglas

• Two terms in Senate
• Democrat
• Well educated
• Believed in popular sovereignty
• Believed that slavery would die out eventually
• Freeport Doctrine if slavery is legal in the
  territory then elect people who will not
  enforce slavery laws.

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John Browns Raid on Harpers Ferry.1859

• John Brown led raid on arsenal
• U.S. troops attacked Browns group
• Brown arrested tried for treason and hanged
• Read the account of the raid on p. 327-328
• -Why did Harpers Ferry increase tensions between
  the North and the South?

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John Browns Raidon Harpers Ferry, 1859
John Brown Madman or Martyr?
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Lincoln and the Election of 1860

• Republican Abraham Lincoln runs for president
• South feels threatened b/c Lincoln feels slavery
  is morally evil

• N. Democrats Stephen Douglas
• S. Democrats John C. Breckingridge
• Constitutional Party John Bell

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1860PresidentialElection
v Abraham LincolnRepublican
John BellConstitutional Union
Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat
John C. BreckinridgeSouthern Democrat
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Map of 1860 Election
Electoral Vote Popular Vote -Lincoln 180 1,
865, 593 -Breck. 72 848, 356 -Bell 39 592,
906 -Douglas 12 1, 382, 713
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1860 Election Results
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Results of 1860 Election.Southern Secession

• Lincolns victory convinces South that they have
  lost their political power.
• S.Carolina secedes (withdraws) from the Union
  followed by several other states
• 1861 formed the Confederate States of America
  (Confederacy)
• Elected Jefferson Davis President
• Question Would the North allow the South to
  leave without a fight?

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1860 Election A Nation Coming Apart?!
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Secession! SC? Dec. 20, 1860
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(No Transcript)
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March 1861

• At Lincoln's inauguration on March 4, the new
  president said he had no plans to end slavery in
  those states where it already existed, but he
  also said he would not accept secession. He hoped
  to resolve the national crisis without conflict.