Chapter 5: Open-Ended Questions

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Chapter 5 Open-Ended Questions
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1. Why were many Africans able to win
independence after WWII?

• Atlantic Charter post war support the right of
  all people to choose the form of government under
  which they will live US and Britain
• Supported by UN
• Negritude Movement pride in African culture
  new dignity and self-respect
• Rise of Nationalist Leaders and working class
  support

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1. Why were many Africans able to win
independence after WWII?

• European powers were weakened after the war. Lack
  of money to run colonies
• The Cold War helped nationalists and condemned
  imperialism US and Soviet Union

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1. Identify ways in which African nations have
tried to meet the challenges identified below.

• Challenge Lack of political stability
• Challenge Developing a modern economy

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Lack of political stability

• military leaders/rule
• one-party rule
• Parliamentary Democracy
• autocratic
• trying to build national unity through education
• today democratization

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Developing a modern economy

• socialism to ensure equality and development
  (government controls the economy to meet basic
  needs)
• Develop industry
• today mixed economy (government control and
  private enterprise)
• government focus on cash crops to build factories
  and produce goods for African use

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2. African nations have experienced rapid
cultural change in recent years.

• Give EXAMPLES how the following have contributed
  to cultural change
• a) urbanization
• b) education
• c) economic development
• d) population explosion
• e) westernization
• ALL CAUSES OF CULTURAL CHANGE

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Urbanization

• weaken traditional cultures/family (nuclear
  family)
• bond of lineage/kinship weakened, less attached
  to ancestor land
• less arranged marriages
• created new elite (top jobs, wealth, education)
• spurred westernization
• greater freedoms
• new activities (sports, clubs)
• womens rights

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Education

• increased literacy
• gave people new job skills
• encouraged national unity
• womens rights

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Economic development

• changed way some people earn a living
• created new kinds of jobs - retail, social
  services, hospitality, government, manufacturing,
  infrastructure jobs
• urbanization
• new farming methods, refrigeration, motorized
  boats, meat packing factories, mining

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Population explosion

• family planning programs
• changing ideas about family size
• contributed to urbanization
• Contributed to strains on the government

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Westernization

• brought new technology, new values, new goods,
  and new goals to people in traditional African
  cultures (mass communication (movies)
• glorifies the individual and material goods not
  group loyalty weakened traditions
• blending of Christian and indigenous African
  beliefs
• Islamic revival
• womens rights

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To Study Chapter 5

• Section 1 African Nationalism and New Nations,
  Pan-Africanism, Colonial Legacy
• Activity Nationalism and Independence (handout)
• Section 2 Types of governments parliamentary
  system, one-party rule, military rule, socialism,
  mixed economies, political and economic
  challenges, meeting challenges
• Activity African Steps Towards Development A
  Case Study Nigeria and Zimbabwe
• Section 3 Cultural change family, women, rural
  patterns, effects of urbanization, education,
  economic development, population explosion,
  westernization
• Activity Cooperative Learning African Changing
  Patterns of Life

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Vocab

• Pan-Africanism
• Negritude Movement
• Atlantic Charter
• Organization of African Unity (AU)
• Mau Mau
• autocratic
• democratization
• Parliamentary system
• socialism

• Julius Nyerere
• Joseph Mobutu
• Patrice Lumumba
• Kwame Nkrumah
• Jomo Kenyatta

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A political challenge facing most Africans after
independence was

• Building national unity
• Tribalism (strong tribal ties)
• Economic differences
• Conflict
• Debt

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In Africa, major result of World War II was

• Increased nationalism
• 1950s and 1960s achievement of political
  independence