Presentaci

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Presentación sobre La Soya Y La Salud

• Cortesía De
• United Soybean Board

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US Soybean Statistics
Estadísticas americanas sobre la Soya

• 600,000 granjeros de soya
• 74 millones de acres
• 2.6 millones de bushels/año
• US 12 billones /año

600,000 soybean farmers

• 74 million acres
• 2.6 billion bushels/y
• 12 billion/y

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The Joy of Soy
La alegría de la Soya
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U.S. Consumer Attitudes Toward Soy 2001 Survey
Actitudes de consumidores americanos hacia la
soya encuesta del 2001
69
Consider soy products healthy
27
Eat soy products at least once a week
39
Aware of specific health benefits of soy
2001-2002 National Report on Consumer Attitudes
About Nutrition, United Soybean Board
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Soyfoods Arrive
Sales in Million Dollars
2598
1747
1244
940
1990
1996
1998
2000
Year
Soyatech, Inc. Soybean Digest, Dec. 2000
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The World of Soyfoods

• Traditional miso, tofu, tempeh, soymilk, edamame

Photos courtesy of the United Soybean Board
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The World of Soyfoods

• Traditional miso, tofu, tempeh
• Western or soy protein products
• Isolated soy protein, soy protein concentrate,
  soy flour

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The World of Soyfoods

• Traditional miso, tofu, tempeh
• Western or soy protein products
• Isolated soy protein, soy protein concentrate,
  soy flour
• Second generation SPPs
• Burgers, soy nuts, energy bars, breakfast
  cereals, etc.

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Macronutrient Compositionof Soybeans ( Kcal)
Protein 37
CHO 26
Fat 37
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Composición de macronutrientes en el frijol soya
( Kcal)
Proteína 37
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National School Lunch Program

• Modification of the Vegetable Protein Products to
  Include Soy
• Meat/soy combination foods help schools meet the
  Dietary Guidelines for Americans in a
  cost-effective way
• Soy-enhanced meat products improve the
  nutritional profile of school meals
• Soy offers flexibility and variety in meal
  planning
• Soy-enhanced products are well accepted by
  students

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Macronutrient Compositionof Soybeans ( Kcal)
Protein 37
Fat 37
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Soybean Oil The Balanced

• 61 Polyunsaturated fat
• 24 Monounsaturated fat
• 15 Saturated fat

Photo courtesy of the United Soybean Board
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Soy oil is one of the few good plant sources of
omega-3 fatty acids
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Omega-3 Fatty Acids Soy oil Overview

• Omega-3 fatty acids
• Linolenic acid is essential
• May ? chronic disease risk Arthritis, cancer,
  CHD, etc

Photo courtesy of the United Soybean Board
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Isoflavones Phytoestrogens
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Possible Mechanisms for the Biological Effects of
Isoflavones

• Hormonal
• Estrogen-like
• Antiestrogenic
• Nonhormonal
• Signal transduction
• Antioxidant effects
• Others

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The Role of Soy in Disease Prevention

• Cancer
• Heart disease
• Osteoporosis
• Hot flashes

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Soy Cancer Prevention
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Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates (per 100,000) for
Selected Countries
Prostate Breast
ChinaJapanIndiaFinlandSwedenBasleUSA
19.1
1.8
19.7
6.7
8.2
20.8
34.2
44.7
45.9
60.7
72.1
50.1
53.4
87.0
PCa Shanghai, Hiroshima, Bombay, Basle, Atlanta
(W) BCa Shanghai, Osaka, Madras, Geneva, San
Francisco (W). The Prostate 45 87, 2000
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Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates (per 100,000) for
Selected Countries
ChinaJapanIndiaFinlandSwedenBasleUSA
19.1
19.7
20.8
44.7
60.7
72.1
87.0
PCa Shanghai, Hiroshima, Bombay, Basle, Atlanta
(W) BCa Shanghai, Osaka, Madras, Geneva, San
Francisco (W). The Prostate 45 87, 2000
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U.S. Breast Cancer Statistics FY 2001

• Incidence No. 1 among women
• 192,200 new cases
• 31 of all female cancer
• Mortality No. 2 among women
• 40,200 deaths
• 15 of all female cancer deaths

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Soy Isoflavones and Breast Cancer Risk

• Studies highlight the importance of consuming soy
  early in life
• Prepubertal soy isoflavone exposure greatly
  reduced mammary cancer in adult rats
• Data suggest women who consume soy as teenagers
  have a 50 less risk of developing breast cancer

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Teenage (13-15 y) Soy Intake Adult Breast
Cancer Risk
(Shanghai 1459 cases, 1556 cont)
1.00


0.75

0.69
0.69
AdjustedOdds ratio

0.51
lt2.2
2.2
4.41
6.61
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Results pre/post, x age 47.Other legumesnot
protective.
Soy protein intake (g/d)
CEBP 10 481, 2001
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U.S. Prostate Cancer Statistics

• Incidence No. 1 among men
• 31 of all male cancers
• 198,100 new cases, FY 2001
• Mortality No. 2 among men
• 11 of all male cancer deaths
• 31,500 deaths, FY - 2001

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Compelling evidence suggests that phytoestrogens
may have a distinct role in restraining the
events associated with this phase of prostatic
carcinogenesis.
International Prostate Health Council Study Group
The Prostate 45 87, 2000
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Soymilk Decreases Risk of Prostate Cancer

• Studies suggest that soy may reduce the risk of
  cancer
• Results indicate that frequent consumption of
  soymilk (more than once a day) reduces prostate
  cancer risk by 70

Jacobsen, BK, Knutsen, SF, Fraser, GE . Does high
soymilk intake reduce prostate cancer incidence?
The Adventist Health Study (US). Cancer Control
Dec. 19989553-557.
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Soy Heart Disease Prevention
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Coronary Heart Disease U.S. Statistics

• No.1 killer, ?500,000 deaths/year
• Accounts for ?20 of all deaths
• Twice every minute someone suffers from a
  coronary event
• gt7 million have a history of MI
• gt40 million have ? cholesterol

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• 6.25 g protein/serving
• Low fat (less than 3 grams)
• Low saturated fat (less than 1 gram
• Low cholesterol (less than 20 mg.)

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Circulation 102 2555, 2000
it is prudent to recommend soy protein foods
to promote heart health.
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Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Soy Protein
Intake on Serum Lipids
Anderson et al, 333 276, 1995
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Meta-analysis Results

• 34/38 trials found soy lowered cholesterol
• Average of 12.9 decrease in LDL (bad
  cholesterol)
• Slight increase in HDL (good cholesterol)

NEJM 333 276, 1995
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Soy Protein and Cholesterol Reduction Clinical
Findings

• Inversely related to initial cholesterol level
• Considerable individual variation
• For those with moderately elevated cholesterol, 5
  10 ?
• Effects apparent with 2 3 wks

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Soy Bone Health
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Osteoporosis FracturesU.S. Statistics

• 30 of women have osteoporosis
• 25 have a vertebral deformity
• Lifetime risk of having a hip fracture after age
  50
• Women, 18 Men 6
• Mortality within 1 yr. of a hip fracture
• Women, 21 Men, 36

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Why is soy believed to be good for bone health?

• Estrogen-like effects
• Ipriflavone Synthetic isoflavone shown to
  reduce bone loss in peri- postmenopausal women

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Soy Protein, Isoflavones, and Bone Health

• Isoflavones Inhibit bone resorption Stimulate
  bone formation
• Soy protein ? calcium excretion

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Soy Prevention of Menopausal Symptoms
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Menopause 8 (5), 2001 Ad produced by Revival Soy
Protein
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Percentage of Women Reporting Hot Flashes
34.8
30.9
9.7
US
Japan
Canada
Exp Gerontol 29 307, 1994
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Soy and Hot FlashesBasis for Speculation

• Few Japanese women report having hot flashes
• Isoflavones are weak estrogens
• Hypothesis The estrogen-like properties of
  isoflavones alleviate hot flashes

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Soy Hot Flashes
Most studies show modest benefits at best

• Possible Explanations
• Works only in some women
• More effective at preventing than at alleviating
  hot flashes
• Strong placebo effect associated with relief from
  hot flashes

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Soy and Health Summary

• Unique source of isoflavones
• Heart Disease Soy ? serum cholesterol -other
  favorable effects likely
• Cancer Appears to be beneficial in preventing
  breast and prostate cancer
• Osteoporosis Encouraging results showing
  increase in bone density, long-term studies
  needed
• Hot flashes Inconsistent results, perhaps modest
  benefits

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Soy Protein and Isoflavone Intake Recommendations

• Approved by the FDA
• Cholesterol reduction 25 grams soy protein
  per day
• Levels believed to be safe/effective based on
  collective research data
• Cancer, CHD, osteoporosis, hot flashes 2
  servings/day
• Isoflavone intake ?50 mg/day range, 30-100
  mg/day

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Iowa State University

Online Database of the Isoflavone Content of Foods
www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/Data/isoflav/isofl
av.htmlc
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How to Meet the 25 Grams-A-Day Soy Protein
Recommendation

• ¼ cup of firm tofu... 10 grams of soy
  protein
• ½ cup of silken tofu. 9 grams of soy
  protein
• 2 soy breakfast links. 12 grams of soy
  protein
• 1 soy-based burger.. 10-12 grams of soy
  protein
• 8 ounces of plain soymilk.. 7 grams of soy
  protein
• 1 soy protein bar.... 14 grams of soy
  protein
• ½ cup cooked soybeans.. 14 grams of soy
  protein
• ½ cup tempeh..... 16 grams of soy
  protein
• ½ cup roasted soy nuts... 34 grams of soy
  protein

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Resources

• USB www.soybean.org
• SANA www.soyfoods.org
• ASA www.soygrowers.com
• Soyfoods directory www.talksoy.com