The Etruscans and Early Rome

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The Etruscans and Early Rome
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Geography of Italy
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Etruscans
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Early Etruscans

• Agricultural life
• Where did they come from?
• Trade
• Etruscan society
• Expansion

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Burial customs

• City of the dead

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Religion

• Pantheon

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Threats And Decline

• Disunity

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Art

• Jewelry

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Art

• Statuary

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Bronzes
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Bronzes

• Warriors helmet

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Etruscan Military
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Early Rome
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Legends

• Aeneas
• Romulus and Remus

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Early History

• Villages
• Greek traders

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Age of Kings
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Comitia Curiata

• Clans
• Imperium
• Tarquin I

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Citizen Army

• Legions
• Centuries
• Comitia Centuriata

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The Roman Republic
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Founding

• Traditional vs. actual beginnings
• Aristocracy

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Roman Society

• Divisions

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Roman Government

• Executive functions-Consuls
• Senate
• Assemblies
• Officers
• Censors
• Praetor
• Aediles
• Quaestors
• Tribunes

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Class Warfare

• Patricians
• Plebeians
• Twelve Tables
• Lictian-Sextian Laws
• Lex Hortensia

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Expansion of Rome

• Peaceful
• Military conquest

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Punic Wars

• Carthage
• First Punic War
• Second and Third Punic Wars
• Hamilcar, Hasdrubal, Hannibal

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Cato The Censor

• Politician

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Polybius

• Universal History

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Why War And Imperialism?

• Defense vs. aggression

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Growth of Empire

• Macedonia, Greece, Carthage, Pergamum

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Beginnings of Unrest

• Powerful men

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The Gracchi

• Tiberius Gracchi
• Gaius Gracchi

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Marius

• Professional army

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Sulla

• Dictator

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Pompey

• Problem solver

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Julius Caesar

• Many talents
• First triumvirate
• Historian
• General

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From Augustus To Fall Of The Empire
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The Good Emperor

• Attributes
• Hard worker
• Maintain public order and defense
• Sensitive
• Games and public works
• Success in war

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Decline And Fall

• Last of the good emperors
• Weakness in the empire
• Civil Service
• Slavery
• Army

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Theories Of The Fall

• Upper class warfare
• Economic downturn
• Soil
• Manpower shortage
• Invasions of barbarians

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Roman Religion
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Introduction

• Rituals/State cult

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Origins

• Greek influence
• Etruscans
• 3 kinds of divination

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Prayer And Sacrifice

• Animism
• Omens

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Worship In The Home

• Vesta
• Janus
• Lares
• Penates
• Genius
• Births Deaths
• Fields

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State Worship

• Pontifex Maximus
• Four colleges

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Worship In The Empire

• Foreign religions become important
• Cybele
• Mithras
• Festivals
• Parentilia
• Lupercalia