Ancient Rome - Regents Review

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Final Regents Review Rome
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The Geography of Rome
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The History of Ancient Italy
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Italy in 750 BCE
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Influence of the Etruscans

• Writing
• Religion
• The Arch

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The Mythical Founding of RomeRomulus Remus
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The Roman Republic 509 BCE - 27 BCE
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Republic

• After driving the last Etruscan monarch from
  power, the Romans established a republic.
• Government in which power rests with citizens who
  have the right to select their leaders.

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Republican Government
2 Consuls (Rulers of
Rome) (Chief executives of the government)
Senate (Representative body for
patricianswealthy landowners) Tribal
Assembly (Representative body for plebeians)
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Plebeians

• The common citizens of Rome
• Below the Plebeians were slaves
• Some slaves became gladiators

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The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE

• Providing political and socialrights for the
  plebeians.

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Twelve Tables

• It was written down.
• It was publicly displayed so people were aware.
• It gave legal protection to all citizens
  (plebeians)

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The Roman Forum
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Romes Early Road System
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Roman Roads The Appian Way
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Roman Aqueducts
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The Roman Colosseum
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The Colosseum Interior
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Circus Maximus
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Carthaginian Empire
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Hannibals Route
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Reform Leaders

• Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
• the poor should be given grain and small plots of
  free land.

Military Reformer

• Gaius Marius
• recruited an army from the poorand homeless.
• professional standing army.
• Legionsname for Romes military forces

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Civil War Dictators
Julius Caesar
Pompey
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Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC
The Die is Cast!
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The First Triumvirate

• Julius Caesar
• Marcus Licinius Crassus
• Gaius Magnus Pompey

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The First Triumvirate

• Ruled Rome for 10 years before Caesar and Pompey
  clashed and went to war.

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Beware the Ides of March!44 BCE
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Julius Caesar

• Held the title of dictator or absolute ruler at
  the time of his assassination by members of the
  Senate

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The Second Triumvirate

• Octavian Augustus
• Marc Antony
• Marcus Lepidus

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The Roman Empire 27 BCE - 476 CE
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Octavian AugustusRomes First Emperor
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Octavian

• Eventually accepted the title of Augustus, which
  means exalted one

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The First Roman Dynasty
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Pax Romana 27 BCE 180 CE
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The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire 14 CE
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The Rise of Christianity
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St. Paul Apostle to the Gentiles
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Paul

• Considered the first Pope of the Christian church

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Peter

• Christian leader who wrote letters that formed
  the Epistles of the New Testament to groups of
  believers.
• Main source of information about the life of
  Jesus of Nazareth is the Gospels of the Christian
  Bible

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The Spread of Christianity
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Rome and Christianity

• Roman rulers opposed Christianity because
  Christians would not worship Roman gods.
• Christianity spread because
• It embraced all peoplemen and women, rich and
  poor
• Romes excellent roads encouraged the exchange of
  ideas
• Jesus promised eternal life

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Jewish Diaspora

• Forced dispersal of Jews from the Holy Lands

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Imperial Roman Road System
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The Empire in Crisis 3c
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Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two 294 CE
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Constantine 312 - 337
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Constantine

• Responsible for moving capital of the Roman
  Empire from Rome to Byzantium.
• Constantinople

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Constantinople The 2nd Rome (Founded in 330)
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Barbarian Invasions 4c-5c
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The Legacy of Rome

• Republic Government (Europe and US)
• Roman Law
• Latin Language
• Roman Catholic Church
• City Planning
• Romanesque Architectural Style
• Roman Engineering
• Aqueducts-water supply
• Sewage systems
• Dams
• Cement
• Arch