Chapter 1 (pg. 4 - 21) Introduction to Life

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Chapter 1 (pg. 4 - 21)Introduction to Life

• Mrs. Einstein

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Do Now

• List 5 safety rules in the laboratory.

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Objectives

• 1. SWBAT review safety procedures.
• 2. SWBAT explain their preconception of biology
  and biological scientists.

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Biology (Chapter 1.1 pg. 4-10)

• Study of life or once living things
• Study the structure of living things and how they
  interact with one another
• Study of how living things function

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Think Pair - Share

• What is a biologist?
• What does he or she do?
• Where does this type of scientist do his or her
  work?
• Draw one!

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Do Now-

• What is biology?
• What topics do you study in Biology?

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Do Now

• How is biology used in a supermarket?
• List at least 3 different ways.

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Objectives

• SWBAT understand and explain the 8
  characteristics of life
• SWBAT apply the characteristics of life to a
  living thing
• SWBAT work in groups to discover the nature of
  science

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Biologists

• Study the diversity of life
• Research diseases
• Develop technologies
• Improve agriculture
• Preserve the environment

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Make a list of the items in this picture that you
consider alive or were alive at some point.
Think Pair Share
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Lets Brainstorm

• What characteristics does a living thing have?
• Lets make a class list
• 1.

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Eight Characteristics of life

1. Made of one or more cells
2. Display Organization
3. Grows and develops
4. Reproduces
5. Responds to stimuli
6. Requires energy
7. Maintains homeostasis
8. Adaptations evolve over time

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1. Living things are made of one or more cells.

• Cells are the basic unit of structure and
  function in all living things.
• Unicellular Multicellular-

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2. Displays Organization

• Living things are arranged in an orderly way.
• Cell- Smallest unit of life
• Ex. Liver Cell
• Tissue- group of cells that have same structure
  and function (look alike)
• Ex. - Epithelial tissue (outer skin cells)
• Organ- different tissues that work together to
  perform a function
• Ex- Kidney

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Do Now

• Which of the following would be studied in
  biology?
• Explain why or why not.
• 1. Distance between stars
• 2. Length of between algae blooms
• 3. Cause and effect relationship between bacteria
  and plant growth
• 4. Amount of natural gas found in New Jersey
• 5. The relationship between mercury concentration
  and lifespan of tuna fish

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2. Organization (Cont.)

• System- Group of organs working together
• Ex. Urinary System
• Organism- Organ systems working together (whole)
• Ex. Gorilla

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(No Transcript)
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Tissue Organ System
Kidney
Bark
Group of cells doing the same thing
Intestines, stomach, mouth working together
Outer surface of a leaf
Heart, veins, arteries,
Muscle
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Objectives

• SWBAT understand and explain the 8
  characteristics of life
• SWBAT apply the characteristics of life to a
  living thing
• SWBAT work in groups to discover the nature of
  science

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3. Growth

• gets larger by using materials and energy from
  environment
• Growth occurs through cell division and cell
  enlargement

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What is this???
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4. Reproduction

• A species is a group of organisms that can breed
  with one another and produce fertile offspring.
• ex. Asexual ex. Sexual

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5. Respond to Stimuli

• Anything that causes some sort of reaction by the
  organism is called a stimulus.
• The reaction to a stimulus is a response.
  http//www.youtube.com/watch?vWFDHWk_bjsU

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6. Requires Energy

• Living things get their energy from food.
• energy is the ability to do work
• Plants use energy from the sun (photosynthesis)
• All living organisms break down food
• and release energy
• (cellular respiration)

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7. Maintains Homeostasis

• Homeostasis Regulation of an organisms internal
  conditions to maintain life
• If anything happens within or to an organism that
  affects its normal state, processes to restore
  the normal state begin.

Blood sugar levels
Temperature
Blood Pressure
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8. Adaptations Evolve Over Time

• An adaptation is any inherited characteristic
  that results from changes to a species over time.

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All eight characteristics must be present to be
considered alive!
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Think-Pair-Share

• Using all 8 characteristics of life, explain why
  a butterfly is alive

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Lets try an activity

• We are going to break up into groups
• Alive or Not?

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Do Now

• Explain (using the 8 characteristics of life)
  why we are alive! Provide examples!

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Objectives

• SWBAT identify 8 objects as being alive or not
  and explain why
• SWBAT work in groups to discover the nature of
  science
• SWBAT explore the steps of the scientific method.
• SWBAT make observations and inferences and
  differentiate between the two.

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What is Science?

• Which of the following are considered science?
• Astrology
• Ornithology
• Marine Biology
• Religion
• Zoology

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1.3 Nature of Science (pg. 16- 21)

• Science is a body of knowledge based on the study
  of nature.
• Scientific inquiry is both a creative process and
  a process rooted in unbiased observations and
  experimentation.

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THE CUBES!

• FIRST RULE Do not touch the cubes!
• Lets brainstorm What questions do you have
  about the cubes?

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The cubes Cont.

• What is on the bottom of the cube?
• What is evidence? What does the word mean?
• Using data (observations), try to convince me and
  your classmates what is on the bottom of the
  cube. Provide evidence!

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Pick up the cubes Go ahead!

• There is no way of knowing the absolute answer to
  a scientific question.
• WHAT? MS INGS? ALL THAT FOR NOTHING.
• Nature of Science

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Scientific Investigations

• Lets list the steps we went through in our
  scientific investigation

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Do Now

• Try to list the steps of the scientific method!

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OBJECTIVES

• SWBAT identify the steps of the scientific method
• SWBAT define and identify independent and
  dependent variables
• SWBAT define and identify control and
  experimental group

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An example experiment

• Who likes to cook???
• How do you cook spaghetti?

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1. Ask a Question

• Scientific inquiry begins with observation.
• Science inquiry involves asking questions and
  processing information from a variety of reliable
  sources.

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Objectives

• 1. SWBAT practice making observations.
• 2. SWBAT differentiate between observations and
  inferences
• 3. SWBAT identify and practice the steps of the
  scientific method.

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Short Demo on ..
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Observation vs. Inference

• Observation- direct way of gathering information
  in an organized way.
• Inference- taking observations and making a
  logical conclusion

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Do Now

• Explain why a virus is NOT considered alive.

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Objectives

• 1. SWBAT identify 8 objects as being alive or not
  and explain why
• 2. SWBAT differentiate between observations and
  inferences
• 3. SWBAT identify and practice the steps of the
  scientific method.

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Lets make some observations!

• I need someone to write on the board for me!

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2. Form a Hypothesis

• Hypothesis - a testable explanation of a
  situation.
• Hypothesis that are supported through experiments
  and data are then accepted in the scientific
  community.

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3. Collect the Data

• Biologist conducts an experiment, (a phenomenon
  in a controlled setting to test a hypothesis).

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4. Controlled Experiments

• 1. Experimental Group- group that is being
  manipulated
• 2. Control Group- group you keep the same (all
  variables are constant)

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5. Experimental Design

• Independent variableonly one factor in a
  experiment that can change
• Dependent variableresults from or depends on
  changes to the independent variable

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Do Now

• 1. Which is an indication that an idea is based
  on pseudoscience?
• A. It brings up more questions.
• B. It causes disagreement and debate.
• C. It does not welcome scientific investigation.
• D. It does not receive acceptance by scientists.
• 2. Some species of plants begin opening their
  flowers in the morning when they are exposed to
  sunlight. What characteristic of living things
  does this represent?
• A. acquiring energy
• B. adapting to the environment
• C. displaying organization
• D. responding to stimuli

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Think Pair Share

• Identify control group, experimental group,
  independent variable, dependent variable,
  constants
• Food Scientists are working together to develop a
  better tasting sweet mint Trident gum. Each
  person sampling the gum gets ONE original sweet
  mint and ONE sweet mint with added spearmint to
  try to improve taste. The tasters did not know
  what they were trying and had to record their
  results.

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Do Now

• In trying to develop a lighter color honey, bee
  keepers allow the bees to only visit sunflowers.
  
• Design an experiment to test this. In your
  experiment, identify
• Control group, experimental group, independent
  variable, dependent variable, constants

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Do Now

• A new medicine is out on the market that helps
  people retain information better (smart pill).
  In a recent study, one group was given the smart
  pill and the other group was given a placebo
  (sugar pill).
• Identify control group and experimental group
• Explain why researchers found the need to have
  two different groups

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Objectives

• 1. SWBAT identify and practice the steps of the
  scientific method.
• 2. SWBAT work in groups to identify control
  group, experimental group, hypothesis,
  conclusion, independent, and dependent variables.
• 3. SWBAT analyze a graph.

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6. Data Gathering

• Data - information gained from observations.
• Quantitative data - measurements of time,
  temperature, length, or other factors.
• Qualitative data - descriptions of what our
  senses detect.

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Data

• I want you gather qualitative and quantitative
  data from this picture.

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7. Analyze the Data

• A graph of the data makes easier to interpret.

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Graphing

• Analyze this graph.
• Reach a conclusion!

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8. Report Conclusions

• Conclusions are published so other can review the
  results and discuss the merit of the experiment.

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Identify the following terms identify the
problem, hypothesis, experiment, independent
variable, dependent variable, and create a
conclusion

• The leaves on my tomato plants were turning
  yellow. I was not sure what to do. I decided
  that maybe they were not getting enough sun. I
  moved one plant into the sun and left the other
  one where it was. I recorded the different
  shades of the leaves (yellow, yellow-green, and
  green).

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Section 1.3 Review - Matching!
1. Development A. testable explanation
2. Homeostasis B. change that takes place during the life of an organism
3. Inference C. Logical conclusion based on your observations
4. Hypothesis D. Regulates an organisms internal conditions and keeps them stable
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Homework!!

• For homework you have a worksheet on experiments.
  This will be due the next class.

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Do Now

• Design an experiment to determine why the fish
  are dying in your tank. Identify the control,
  constants, independent variable, dependent
  variable, and experimental group.

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Do Now

• Fill in the blanks in the concept chart

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Do Now

• 1. Which is an indication that an idea is based
  on pseudoscience?
• A. It brings up more questions.
• B. It causes disagreement and debate.
• C. It does not welcome scientific investigation.
• D. It does not receive acceptance by scientists.
• 2. Some species of plants begin opening their
  flowers in the morning when they are exposed to
  sunlight. What characteristic of living things
  does this represent?
• A. acquiring energy
• B. adapting to the environment
• C. displaying organization
• D. responding to stimuli

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Objectives

• 1. SWBAT compare and contrast the English and
  metric systems
• 2. SWBAT practice conversions between metric
  units.
• 3. SWBAT explain the nature of science

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1.2 Nature of Science (pg. 11 15)

• Uses Scientific Theory
• Theory- explanation of a natural phenomenon
  supported by many observations and experiments
  over time
• Ex.
• Results are always constant!

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A. Expands Scientific Knowledge

• Science is under constant reevaluation of what is
  known.
• Ex. Classification, Food Pyramid
• Can lead to new knowledge
• Reevaluation cycle continues!

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B. Challenges Accepted Theories

• Scientists debate each other ideas
• Science accommodates new information as it is
  discovered

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C. Questions Results

• Scientist can find data that is not consistent
  with current scientific understanding
• These inconsistencies often lead to further
  investigations

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D. Tests Claims

• Conclusions are reached after
• Controlled experiments
• Unbiased investigations
• Large amounts of data

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Think Pair - Share

• Read the following and critique the author.
• What else can the scientist do to further his/her
  own studies?
• A marine biologist studying whales put markers
  on one white whale to determine migration. This
  scientist then concluded that all whales migrate
  from the Gulf to the mid Atlantic ocean.

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Undergoes Peer Review

• Experiments are reviewed by scientists peers.
  (Peer review )
• Evaluated by other scientists who are in the same
  field or who are conducting similar research.

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Think Pair - Share

• How can we prove something true?

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Do Now - Matching!
1. Development A. testable explanation
2. Homeostasis B. change that takes place during the life of an organism
3. Inference C. Logical conclusion based on your observations
4. Hypothesis D. Regulates an organisms internal conditions and keeps them stable
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Measurements used in Science

• Different methods used for measuring
• International System of Units (SI)- what
  scientists all over the world use
• Measured in groups of 10

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Length - SI

• SI uses the meter
• Measures how long something is
• Tools Ruler

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Volume

• SI uses m3
• Most often we use liter
• Measures how much space
• Something takes up

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Mass and Weight

• Mass how much matter something has
• SI units are kilogram (kg)
• Weight force of gravity on an object

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Time and Temperature

• Time period between two events
• SI unit is seconds (s)
• Temperature how much heat contained in an object
  (how hot or cold something is)
• SI unit is Kelvin (K)
• Scientists often use Celsius (C)

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Conversions

• 4 kiloliters ___________ hectoliters
• 36.87 millimeters ________ decameters
• 0.098 meters ___________ micrometers
• 56.7 decimeters _________ decameters

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Do NowWhat are some things around the room
that are alive? Or were alive at some point?
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Do Now

• How many
• Centimeters are in a meter?
• Meters are in a kilometer?
• How long is a 5K?

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Do Now- Review for Jeopardy

• For each statement, circle the stimulus, and
  underline the response.
• 1. Your mouth waters at the sight of food on a
  plate.
• 2. There is a sudden drop in temperature, which
  gives you goose bumps.
• 3. You get a fever after a virus enters your
  body.
• 4. You get butterflies in your stomach before
  giving a speech.

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Objectives

• 1. SWBAT review for the their chapter 1 test
• 2. SWBAT answer multiple choice and open ended
  questions on chapter 1