RUBBER DUCK REVIEW!

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RUBBER DUCK REVIEW!
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REVIEW QUESTIONS
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A A

• The diagram above illustrates the process of
  cell division. What is the significance of
  anaphase in this process?
• a. Anaphase usually ensures that each daughter
  cell has the same number of chromosomes as in the
  parent cell.
• b. Anaphase usually ensures that each daughter
  cell has twice as many chromosomes as the parent
  cell.
• c. In anaphase, the cell splits in half.
• d. In anaphase, the DNA is being replicated.

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A B

• In 1986, Dr. Paul Cardeilhac, a professor of
  veterinary medicine at the University of Florida,
  reported that alligator eggs which were incubated
  at 30 degrees Celsius from the 7th through the
  21st days after they were laid hatched female
  offspring. Eggs incubated at 34 degrees Celsius
  in the same period resulted in all male
  offspring. In the wild, if the nest is laid on a
  riverbank in the sunlight, the offspring will
  usually be male if it is laid in a cool, shady
  place, the eggs will yield females. Cardeilhac
  noted that alligators lack sex-determining
  chromosomes, and at 34 degrees Celsius and above
  certain androgenic hormones were produced inside
  the egg.
• .

• A reasonable conclusion based on his findings
  would be
• a. the sex of the alligator is controlled by 2
  sex chromosomes
• b. an environmental factor is the determining
  factor of a alligators gender
• c. alligator gender is randomly determined
• d. temperature has no effect on alligator gender
  determination

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A D

• Which of the following results from uncontrolled
  cell growth?
• a. There are no consequences
• b. The production of cyclin stops
• c. The organism stops growing.
• d. Masses of cancer cells form.

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A B

• People who have been exposed to excessive
  radiation often experience mutations in their
  chromosomes. What conclusion can be made, if
  these mutations occur in the chromosomes of skin
  cells?
• a. They will pass on the mutation to their
  offspring.
• b. They will experience an increased risk of
  cancer.
• c. Their skin cells may turn into liver cells.
• d. They may develop entirely new chromosomes in
  all of their cells.

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A A

• All of the following are found in a DNA molecule
  except-
• a. Carbon dioxide
• b. Deoxyribose
• c. nitrogen
• d. phosphate

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A D

• In the diagram, strands I and II represent
  portions of a DNA molecule. Strand II would
  normally include
• A. AGC
• B. TCG
• C. TAC
• D. GAT

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A D

• A student wrote the description above of a cell
  after looking at it under a microscope. Which
  type of cell was the student most likely
  describing?
• a. animal cell
• b. fungus cell
• c. bacterial cell
• d. plant cell

• The Cell has a cell wall and many organelles
  including, mitochondria, a nucleus, a vacuole,
  and chloroplasts.

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A proteins

• What do ribosomes synthesize?

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A C

• In the above diagram is a comparison of the DNA
  sequences of Homo Sapiens (human), Pan
  troglodytes (chimp) Gorilla gorilla (gorilla)
  and Pongo pygmaeus (pygmy chimp). Remember that A
  is adenine T is thymine G is guanine and C is
  cytosine. In looking at the Homo sapiens (human)
  and Pan troglodytes (chimp) DNA sequence, the
  chimp DNA differs from the human DNA by how many
  nucleotide bases?
• a.7
• b. 1
• c. 3
• d. 0

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A A

• Erwin Chargaff studied the DNA of organisms
  Electron Configuration within a single species.
  Chargaff discovered that the amount of adenine is
  about equal to the amount of thymine. Which of
  these explains why the ratio of adenine to
  thymine is nearly 11?
• a.Adenine and thymine pair with each other."
• b. Adenine binds with phosphates, while thymine
  binds with nitrates."
• c. Adenine and thymine are identical in chemical
  composition."
• d. Adenine bases contain a form of thymine.

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A B

• Thymine-guanine-thymine-cytosine describes
• a. nucleotides within an RNA strand
• b. a sequence of bases within a DNA section
• c. points of DNA separation during protein
  synthesis
• d. tRNA codons for specific amino acids

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A C

• Which of these will complete the mRNA strand
  matched to DNA?
• CAG
• AUG
• GUC
• UAC

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A A

• Which of these functions most like the "brain"
  of a cell?
• a. The nucleus
• b. The Golgi apparatus
• c. The mitochondrion
• d. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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A C

• Which statement best expresses the relationship
  between the three structures represented above?
• A. DNA is produced from protein absorbed by the
  cell.
• B. Protein is composed of DNA that is produced by
  the cell.
• C. DNA controls the production of protein in the
  cell.
• D. Cells make DNA by digesting protein.

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A D

• What are the three parts of a DNA nucleotide?
• A. ribose (sugar), phosphate, thymine
• B. deoxyribose (sugar), amino acid, phosphate
• C. ribose (sugar), phosphate, uracil
• D. deoxyribose (sugar), phosphate, nitrogenous
  base

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A A

• The diagram above shows how an mRNA molecule is
  synthesized. What else could you use to determine
  if the model will build a specific kind of
  protein?
• A. You would need to know the specific sequence
  of nitrogen bases.
• B. You would need to know the kind of sugar
  involved.
• C. The model would need to describe if you are
  viewing a prokaryotic cell or a eukaryotic cell.
• D. The model would need to describe if there are
  lysosomes present.

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A C

• In order to make enough energy from the product
  of cellular respiration, your body
• a. Requires C02 in order to make enough ATP to
  sustain your body for even a minute.
• b. Requires three molecules of glucose for every
  ATP molecule produced.
• c. Requires three phosphate molecules on each
  ATP molecule to be fully charged.
• d. Requires sugar and nothing else to make
  enough ATP

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A C

• During Mitosis, the Spindle
• A. Helps break down the nuclear envelope.
• B. Helps the cytoplasm pinch in half.
• Helps separate the chromosomes.
• Helps the cell enter the Lysogenic Phase

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A A

• The diagram above represents a cell
  process.Which statement regarding this process
  is correct?
• a. Cell B contains the same genetic information
  that cells A and C contain.
• b. Cell C has DNA that is only 50 identical to
  cell B.
• c. Cell A has DNA that is only 75 identical to
  cell B.
• d. Cells A, B, and C contain completely different
  genetic information.

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A D

• A cell with 10 chromosomes undergoes mitosis and
  cell division. How many daughter cells are
  produced and what number of chromosomes do they
  have?
• a. 2 daughter cells 5 chromosomes each
• b. 1 daughter cell 10 chromosomes each
• c. 4 daughter cells 20 chromosomes each
• d. 2 daughter cells 10 chromosomes each

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A C

• The diagram below represents chromosomes in a
  zygote. Which diagrams best illustrate the
  daughter cells that result from normal mitotic
  cell division of this zygote?
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.

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A A

• The diagram above illustrates a process by which
  energy is released in organisms. The energy
  released in this process was originally present
  in
• a. sunlight and then transferred to sugar
• b. sunlight and then transferred to oxygen
• c. the oxygen and then transferred to sugar
• d. the sugar and then transferred to oxygen

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A B

• Which word equation summarizes photosynthesis?
• water starch ---gt glucose glucose glucose
• energy water carbon dioxide ---gt oxygen
  glucose
• glucose oxygen ---gt water carbon dioxide
  ATP
• glucose glucose ---gt maltose water

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A C

• According to the chart above the processes of
  photosynthesis and respiration can be thought of
  as a cycle because
• one is used only by plants and the other is used
  only by animals
• both give off oxygen to be used by animals
• the products of one are used as the raw materials
  of the other
• they both have the same purpose

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A C

• What inference can be made from the diagram
  shown above?
• A. The sperm will have double the amount of
  chromosomes as the parent cell.
• B. None of the cells made copies of their
  chromosomes
• C. The sperm will have half the number of
  chromosomes as the parent cell.
• D. There is no relationship between the numbers
  of chromosomes in the parent or sperm cells.

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A C

• In the diagram above, in which structure would
  homologous pairs of chromosomes normally be
  present.
• A. 1, only
• B. 2, only
• C. 3, only
• D. either 1 or 2