NOTES: CELL PARTS

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NOTES CELL PARTS
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The Parts of the Cell
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• Organelles
• --Structure within a cell that performs a certain
  function

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Organelles Found in Both Animal and Plant Cells
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• 1. The Nucleus
• --Controls the cell
• --Surrounded by a nuclear envelope/membrane 

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• 1. The Nucleus
• --Controls the cell
• --Surrounded by a nuclear envelope/membrane 
• 2. The Nucleolus--Site where DNA is
• concentrated

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3. Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Intracellular pathway moving molecules from one
  side of cell to the other.

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3. Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Has two parts
• Moves supplies around cell

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3. Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Has two parts
• Moves supplies around cell
• Rough ER
• Interconnected flattened sacs
• Makes phospholipids and proteins
• Studded with ribosomes
• Many in protein producing cells (digestive gland)

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3. Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Has two parts
• Moves supplies around cell
• Rough ER
• Interconnected flattened sacs
• Makes phospholipids and proteins
• Studded with ribosomes
• Many in protein producing cells (digestive gland)
• Smooth ER
• Lacks ribosomes
• Builds lipids (hormones)
• Regulates calcium

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Figure 4.10a
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4. Golgi Apparatus

• --flattened stacks of membranes

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4. Golgi Apparatus

• --flattened stacks of membranes
• --Sorts, packages, labels, and modifies proteins
  and lipids from ER
• --releases molecules in vesicles

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5. Cytoskeleton

• Has many structures
• Network of tubes and filaments

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5. Cytoskeleton

• Has many structures
• Network of tubes and filaments
• Gives the cell structure and support
• Ex Cilia and Flagella (aid in movement)

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6. Ribosomes

• --Located on the rough ER and cytoplasm

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6. Ribosomes

• --Located on the rough ER and cytoplasm
• --Site of protein synthesis
• --Ribosomes are made by the nucleolus

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• 7. Peroxisomes
• -- break down alcohol
• --neutralize free radicals
• 8. Vacuole 
• -- mainly storage (water and sugar)

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• 9. Mitochondria
• converts sugar into cellular energy (ATP)
• Contains its own DNA
• --support for Endosymbiosis Theory
• --singular is "mitochondrion
• --power house of the cell

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Figure 4.17
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Organelles Found ONLY in Plant Cells
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10. Chloroplast

• --Converts light energy to carbohydrates
• --Has stacks of thylakoids
• --has its own DNA

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• 11. Central Vacuole  
• --stores water, waste products, and nutrients
• --maintains hydrostatic pressure

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12. Cell Wall

• Lies outside the plasma membrane
• Contains cellulose
• Gives structure and support

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Organelles Found ONLY in Animal Cells
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• 13. Centrioles
• Aid in cellular division

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14. Lysosomes

• --vesicles used to digest
• --recycle old cell parts and kills bacteria
• --contain degrading enzymes
• (to "lyse" means to dissolve)

 TAY-SACHS disease missing an enzyme of the
lysosomes that breaks down a fatty substance. 
Over time this fat builds up in the brain and
nervous tissue, smothering the cells.  Results in
degeneration and death.
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Random Cell Images