Cell Structure and Function

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Cell Structure and Function
Get out paper, pencil, any notes taken from book
and class. Be prepared to take notes! Today we
review and re-teach the parts of the cell. Use
this to correct any mis-understanding you have
about these parts!
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Cell Structure and Function
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KWL - The Cell
What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

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Cell

• a usually microscopic structure containing
  nuclear and cytoplasmic material enclosed by a
  semipermeable membrane and, in plants, a cell
  wall
• the basic structural unit of all organisms.

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Cell Organelles
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Organelles
Cells contain special parts called organelles.
cell
nucleus
Each organelle has a specific job to do to keep
the cell functioning properly, much like an organ
in our body does.
This is why they are called organelles.
endoplasmic reticulum
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Organelles
There are many different types of organelles.
cell
nucleus
Not all the different types are present in all
cells.
The types of organelles present in a cell depend
on the job the cell does.
endoplasmic reticulum
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Animal and Plant Cells
Some organelles are found in both plant and
animal cells.
These include

• cell membrane

• nucleus

• cytoplasm

• endoplasmic reticulum

• mitochondria

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Plant Cells
Other organelles are present in plant cells but
not in animal cells.
These include

• cell wall

• large central vacuole

• chloroplast

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Question 1
Which of the following statements about cells is
true?
A) All cells in an organism contain the same
organelles.
B) Not all living organisms are made up of cells.
C) Plant cells have organelles that are not found
in animal cells.
D) Plants and animals contain all the same
organelles.
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Question 1
Which of the following statements about cells is
true?
A) All cells in an organism contain the same
organelles.
B) Not all living organisms are made up of cells.
C) Plant cells have organelles that are not found
in animal cells.
D) Plants and animals contain all the same
organelles.
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Cell Membrane
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Cell Membrane

• Function
• Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
• Provides protection and support
• Structure
• Double membrane
• Flexible structure that forms a strong barrier
  between the cell and its surroundings

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Cell Membrane

• Function
• Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
• Provides protection and support
• Structure
• Double membrane
• Flexible structure that forms a strong barrier
  between the cell and its surroundings

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Cell Wall
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Cell Wall

• Function
• Provides support and protection for the cell
• Structure
• Lies outside the cell membrane
• Found in plants, algae, fungi and many bacteria
• NOT FOUND IN ANIMAL CELLS!

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Cell Wall

• Function
• Provides support and protection for the cell
• Structure
• Lies outside the cell membrane
• Found in plants, algae, fungi and many bacteria
• NOT FOUND IN ANIMAL CELLS!

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Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm is a watery substance inside a cell.
Chemicals needed by the cell are dissolved in the
cytoplasm.
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Nucleus
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Nucleus-The control center

• Function
• Contains almost all of the cells DNA
• DNA is found on chromosomes which contain genetic
  information.

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Nucleus-The control center

• Structure
• Surrounded by a double membrane called a nuclear
  envelope (Nuclear Membrane). It is dotted with
  many pores (holes) to allow materials in and out
  of the nucleus.

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Nucleus-The control center

• Structure
• Surrounded by a double membrane called a nuclear
  envelope (Nuclear Membrane). It is dotted with
  many pores (holes) to allow materials in and out
  of the nucleus.

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• You have 3 minutes to compare your notes with a
  neighbor. Be sure to ask questions and fill in
  any blanks you may have in your notes at this
  time.

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Vacuoles - Storage
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Vacuoles - Storage

• Function
• Stores water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates
• Structure
• Sac-like
• Plant cells have one large central vacuole
• Animal cells have many small vacuoles

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Vacuoles - Storage

• Function
• Stores water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates
• Structure
• Sac-like
• Plant cells have one large central vacuole
• Animal cells have many small vacuoles

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Vacuoles - Storage

• Function
• Stores water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates
• Structure
• Sac-like
• Plant cells have one large central vacuole
• Animal cells have many small vacuoles

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Chloroplasts Energy in Plants

• Function
• Captures energy from the sun (solar energy) and
  changes it into food (chemical energy) for plants
  (photosynthesis)
• Structure
• Contains green pigment called chlorophyll
• Not found in animal cells!

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Mitochondria - Energy

• Function
• Convert chemical energy in food into materials
  easier for the cell to use.
• Structure
• Enclosed by two membranes with the inner membrane
  folded up.
• Contains its own DNA (unlike other organelles)
  that is identical to your mothers!

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Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic reticulum is the transport system of
a cell.
It takes proteins and lipids (fats) to other
parts of the cell.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic reticulum can be smooth or rough.
endoplasmic reticulum
Rough endoplasmic reticulum has structures on it
called ribosomes that make it look rough.
Ribosomes make the proteins that are carried by
the endoplasmic reticulum.
ribosomes
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• You have 3 minutes to compare your notes with a
  neighbor. Be sure to ask questions and fill in
  any blanks you may have in your notes at this
  time.

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Golgi Bodies
The Golgi bodies receive materials and other
proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum, package
them, and send them to other parts of the cell.
Sometimes called the cells Mailroom
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• Individually, create a Venn Diagram for plant and
  animal cells.

Animal Cell
Plant Cell
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KWL - The CellYour ticket out the door
What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?
1. Circle information that you heard in todays notes 2. Asterik () next to questions you had answered today 3. Add new information learned