Cell Cycle Vocabulary and Notes

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Cell Cycle Vocabularyand Notes

• Biology

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• Centrioles one of two tiny structures located
  in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear
  envelope.
• Chromatid one of two identical sister parts
  of a replicated chromosome.

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• Centromere area where the chromatids of a
  chromosome are attached.
• Spindle fiber fanlike microtubule structure
  that helps separate the chromosomes during
  mitosis.

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• Sister chromatids the two parts that make up
  replicated chromome, which are connected at the
  centromere
• Daughter cells the two new cells produced at the
  end of cytokinesis

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• Diploid term used to refer to a cell that
  contians both sets of homologous chromosomes
• Centrosome the area where the centrioles are
  located during mitosis

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Link to cell cycle animation

• http//highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/s
  tudent_view0/chapter2/animation__how_the_cell_cycl
  e_works.html

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Stages of the Cell Cycle

• Interphase (longest part of the cell cycle)
• G1 (Growth 1)
• S (Synthesis) - DNA copies
• G2 (Growth 2) - cell prepares for division
• M (cell division) includes mitosis and
  cytokinesis

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• Interphase
• (technically not part of mitosis, but it is
  included in the cell cycle)
• Cell is in a resting phase, performing cell
  functions
• DNA replicates (copies)
• Organelles double in number, to prepare for
  division

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Mitosis

• nuclear division, number of chromosomes remains
  the same

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Phases of Mitosis

• Prophase
• Spindle forms
• Centrioles move to opposite poles
• Chromosomes become visible

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• Metaphase
• Chromosomes line up along the equator

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• Anaphase
• Centromeres divide
• Chromatids separate and move to opposite poles

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• Telophase
• Nuclear membrane forms around each group of
  chromosomes
• Chromosomes unwind
• Cytokinesis begins

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• Cytokinesis
• The process by which the cytoplasm divides and
  one cell becomes two individual cells. The
  process is different in plants and animals

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Cell Cycle animation