Conquest and Colonies

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Conquest and Colonies
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A Spanish Empire

• The Caribbean Islands was found by Columbus
• Many wanted a encomienda system- A colonist was
  given a certain amount of land and number of
  Natives to work the land. In exchange they would
  have to teach Christianity.

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Encomienda Disaster

• Overwork and mistreatment took a toll on the
  natives. The Europeans spread Smallpox,
  tuberculosis, measles, and other diseases.
• Millions died because they lacked immunities.

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The Conquest of Mexico

• Hernan Cortes- led an expedition to Mexico that
  ended with the conquest of the Aztec Empire.
• Conquistadors
• Moctezuma II
• Tenochtitlan

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Why the Spanish defeat the Aztecs

• Disease
• Malintzin
• Metal Weapons and heavy armor
• Soldiers on horses
• They took Moctezuma prisoner
• Battle erupted Moctezuma was killed
• Cortes takes city and entire Aztec Empire

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The Conquest of Peru

• Francisco Pizarro- Destroyed the Inca Empire
• Smallpox killed many including the Emperor
• A Civil War broke out after the Emperors Death.
• Atahualpa was the new leader
• Pizarro demanded that Atahualpa accept
  Christianity and turn over empire to Spain in
  1532.

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• Viceroys- Officials to govern the American
  holdings by the Spanish.
• Economy was based on mining of gold and silver
  and farming
• Native Americans were forced to do the labor
• The populations in the New World dropped from 50
  million to 4 million (disease/mistreatment).
• Bartolome de Las Casas- Wanted Africans over
  Natives (did this to protect Natives)

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The Portuguese in Brazil

• The Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494- drew an
  imaginary line through the Atlantic. Anything
  west would belong to Spain. Everything to the
  East would be Portuguese. Only Brazil remained a
  Portuguese territory.

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Other Countries

• They were brought in because of the lure of Gold
  and Silver
• New France- Canada. No Gold, but good trade, Fox,
  lynx, otter, beaver, and fish.
• Many French married the Native American Women.
• Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec in 1608
• 1682 -Rene-Robert La Salle- claimed the
  Mississippi region- Louisiana (after King Louis
  XIV)

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The Dutch of New Netherlands

• Only large Dutch colony was New Netherland (by
  Hudson River)
• 1626 - bought the island of Manhattan from the
  Wappinger people.
• They founded New Amsterdam which became NYC
• Very focused on developing in other countries so
  slow to develop in America. They were producing
  sugar in the Caribbean and spices from southeast
  Asia.

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English Colonies

• 1st English colony Jamestown, VA in 1607- 80
  died of diseases in water
• Pilgrims of 1620- they were persecuted in England
  for their religious beliefs (Plymouth, MASS).
  Self-sufficient in 5 years.
• They received aid from Natives, but most
  colonists viewed them with distrust

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• British-French Conflict- Ohio River Valley
  Tension
• Mid 1700s English colonists tried to settle in
  French territory
• War broke out in 1754
• English v. French and Natives helped both sides
• Thats why English named it French Indian War
• French had more soldiers, but British took
  Quebec. French surrendered and gave England,
  Canada and all French land east of Mississippi
  River
• What happened next?