The Republicans Take Power Chapter 6 Section 1

1
The Republicans Take PowerChapter 6 Section 1

• 8th Grade History
• Chatterton Middle School

2
I. Jefferson Becomes President

• Life in 1800
• - By 1800 the U.S has 16 states
• - The U.S. population has become more diverse
  economically, culturally, and politically
• - Industry has expanded in the New England and
  Mid Atlantic states.
• - Farming and small business has grown in the
  Western and Southern states

3
I. (cont.)

• B. Differences between the two parties
• Federalist- Strong Central Government. Limited
  participation for common citizen
• Dem.- Rep.- More power to the states. Common
  citizens participating in the government.

4
I. (cont.)

• C. Negative Feelings Between Parties
• - Each party dislikes the other.
• - Both sides believe the other will ruin the
  country
• - Federalist believe Dem.- Reps. Want another
  Revolution
• - Dem.- Reps believe the Federalist want to
  create a monarchy.

5
I. (cont.)

• D. Election of 1800
• - Thanks to the Alien and Sedition Acts the
  Federalist party had lost much of its public
  support.
• - Federalists however still had a lot of
  POLITICAL support.
• - In a desperate effort to show unity the party
  selected John Adams for President and Charles
  Pinckney for V.P for the 1800 election.

6
I. (cont.)

• - The Dem-Rep. nominated Thomas Jefferson for
  President and Aaron Burr for V.P
• - Candidates did not campaign around the country
  like they do today. They sent letters to be read
  aloud or printed in newspapers.
• - There was a lot of negative campaigning just
  like in todays elections.

7
I. (cont.)

• - The Dem-Rep. beat the Federalist by receiving
  more electoral votes.
• - The problem however was that in those days
  electors cast 2 votes each. One for President and
  Vice President.
• - So Both Jefferson and Burr (both Dem-Rep.)
  received 73 electoral votes. This was the first
  time an election had ever been tied.

8
(No Transcript)
9
I. (cont.)

• E. Election Deadlock
• - The House of Representatives (Congress) had to
  break the tie.
• - Each states Representatives voted and the
  highest vote getter received the states vote.
• - A candidate needed a majority of 9 states to
  win the election. (Remember we have 16 states!)

10
I. (cont.)

• - After 36 ballots neither Jefferson or Burr had
  a majority. (The 9th state)
• - Debate raged on both sides. Alexander Hamilton
  who disliked both candidates is quoted as saying
  at least Jefferson was honest (He really
  disliked Burr!)
• - Finally the single delegate from Delaware
  James Bayard decided to abstain. (not vote).

11
I. (cont.)

• - With one less state voting. Jefferson received
  8 out of 15 states (a majority) and won the
  election. Burr became V.P
• F. Jeffersons Inauguration
• - To try and impress regular citizens Jefferson
  walked to the white house in everyday clothes to
  accept the office of Presidency. (It worked)

12
I. (cont.)

• - Here is a summary of Jeffersons opening
  speech (address)
• 1. Tried to reach out to both parties
• 2. Have a wise and frugal government ( dont
  waste money!)
• 3. Will support state governments over the
  federal government
• 4. Believed state governments could best
  protect freedom

13
II. Jeffersons Policies

• Jefferson kept his government small some notable
  people in his cabinet were
• Sec. of State James Madison
• Sec. of Treasury Albert Gallatin
• - Jefferson wanted to reduce the national debt
  left by the Federalists. To do this he cut the
  army by 1/3, and reduced the navy from 24 to 7
  ships. (It worked)

14
II. (cont.)

• B. Midnight Judges
• - The Judiciary Act of 1801 was passed in the
  time between Jeffersons election and his
  inauguration
• - The act increased the number of federal
  judges. Adams who was in his last days of office
  tried to take advantage of this situation.

15
II. (cont.)

• - Since Adams knew he was going to be replaced
  he decided to appoint Federalists to these new
  judicial positions. (Known as Midnight Judges)
• - The thinking was that the Federalists could at
  least control the courts, since they lost the
  election.
• - The appointments took affect when the
  commissions (legal paperwork) were delivered

16
II. (cont.)

• - When Jefferson came into office some of the
  commissions still needed to be delivered.
• - Jefferson told his Sec. of State Madison to
  not deliver them so those people couldnt take
  office.

17
II. (cont.)

• - One of those people was William Marbury. He
  went straight to the Supreme Court to have them
  force Madison to deliver the commissions.
• - Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall told
  Marbury that the Court had no jurisdiction (no
  allowed) to decide the case.

18
II. (cont.)

• - by doing this Marshall laid the groundwork for
  Judicial Review.

19
III. Judicial Review and Other Court Cases

• Judicial Review
• 1. The Constitution is the supreme law of the
  land
• 2. When a conflict arises between the Const. and
  any other law, Const. must be followed.
• 3. The judicial branch has the duty to uphold
  the const., and nullify un-const. laws.

20
III. (cont.)

• B. McCulloch v. Maryland
• - The court held that the elastic clause allows
  Congress to do more than what the Const. says it
  can (Gave the Federal Government MORE power)
• C. Gibbons v. Ogden
• - Federal Law takes precedence over state law.
  (More power to Federal Gov. again!)