???????????? ? ??? Verbal Adverbs and aspect

1
???????????? ? ???Verbal Adverbs and aspect

• VA have no tense (time of the action depends on
  the main verb), but do have aspect!
• Imperfective simultaneous with main verb
• ????? ?? ??????, ?? ???????.
• ????? ?? ??????, ?? ?????? ???????.
• ????? ?? ??????, ?? ????? ????????.

2
???????????? ? ???Verbal Adverbs aspect

• Perfective action happens before the main verb
• ???????? ?? ??????, ?? ????????.
• ???????? ?? ??????, ?? ?????? ??????.
• ???????? ?? ??????, ?? ????????.

3
???????????? usage and meaning VA cover many
different meanings

• ?????????? ? ???????, ???? ???? ?? ????.
• ????? ???? ????????? ? ???????, ??? ???? ??
  ????.
• ????? ????, ??? ???? ????????? ? ???????, ???
  ???? ?? ????.
• ??? ??? ???? ????????? ? ???????, ??? ???? ??
  ????.
• (but none of these expressions appears with the
  VA)

4
???????????? usage and meaning Watch out!
English may contain words not found in Russian!

• ?? ??????? ?? ???, ?? ????, ??? ??? ?????????.
• He married her without knowing she was a
  lesbian.
• ??? ???? ?? ????, ?? ?????, ??? ? ?? ???????.
• She left him without finding out that he too
  was gay.

5
????????????Formation of imperfective verbal
adverbs

• Start with 3rd person plural
• ?????? ???????
• Remove the ending
• ????- ?????-
• Add -?
• ????? ??????
• (remember spelling rules, and add -?? for
  reflexives)

6
Form imperfective verbal adverbs from the
following verbs

• ????
• ????
• ???????
• ?????
• ??????????
• ?????????
• ?????????
• ????????
• ?????????
• ??????

• ???????
• ??????
• ???????
• ??????
• Verbs in ???? keep the suffix
• ????????
• ???????
• ??????
• ?????

7
????????????Some verbs have substitute
forms(usually the predicted form means something
else)

• ?????? gt ????? (from ??????, desire)
• (???? means although)
• ????? gt ?????? (from ???????, expect)
• (??? just sounds too strange)
• ???????? gt ????? (from ???????, glance/look)
• (?????? means depending on)

8
????????????Some verbs have substitute forms

• ???? gt ??????
• (this is just an archaic form to memorize)

9
????????????Formation of perfective verbal
adverbs

• Start with the past tense form
• ???????? ??????
• Remove the -? and add -?
• ???????? ??????
• Reflexives add -?????
• ??????????? ??????????

10
????????????Formation of perfective verbal
adverbs

• If the past ends in a consonant other than -?
• ?????? ?????
• Add -??
• ???????? ???????

11
????????????Formation of perfective verbal
adverbs

• Prefixed forms of ???? have a special form that
  looks like the imperfective (but these are
  perfective verbs and perfective VAs)
• ?????
• ?????
• ??????
• ?????
• ????
• ????

12
????????????Formation of perfective verbal
adverbs

• Prefixed forms of some other motion verbs have a
  special form that looks like the imperfective
  (but these are perfective verbs and perfective
  VAs)
• ????????
• ???????
• ??????
• ?????
• ???????
• ??????

13
Form perfective verbal adverbs from the following
verbs

• ???????
• ??????
• ?????????
• ????????
• ????
• ????
• ?????????
• ??????????
• ??????????
• ?????????

• ???????
• ??????
• ??????
• ?????
• ??????
• ?????
• ????
• ???
• ??????
• ?????