PARTS OF SPEECH

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PARTS OF SPEECH

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Title: PARTS OF SPEECH

1
PARTS OF SPEECH

TAUGHT BY PROFESSOR OF ENGLISH

LAY SENGHOR 016 940 392
2
I
HE
SHE
THEY
IT
3
What is a pronoun?

Definition
A pronoun is a word used instead of noun or
name, to avoid the repetition of it.
A pronoun is a part of speech that substitutes
for nouns or noun phrases and designates persons
or things asked for, previously specified, or
understood.

4
PRONOUNS

Classification and Definition

Self-pronoun
Personal pronoun
Possessive pronoun
Demonstrative pronoun
Relative pronoun
Interrogative pronoun
Indefinite pronoun
Reciprocal pronoun
5
What is a personal pronoun?

Definition
A personal pronoun is a kind of pronouns that
is used to denote the three persons.

Second person
First person
Third person
6

Personal pronoun is divided
Subject Object

me
WE
I
us
you
YOU
him
HE
them
THEY
her
SHE
IT
it
one
ONE
7
FUNCTIONS OF PERSONAL PRONOUN

1/ Subject of a verb
They want to conduct a diplomatic negotiation
with Sarah Palin about war in Pakistan.
2/ Object of a verb
I met them in New York during election
campaign.

3/ Direct / Indirect object
Obama provided it to them in conference after
election.
4 / Object of a preposition
Ronaldo waits for me at the street corner.
5 / Subjective complement
If I were you, I shouldnt do that.

9
THE USE OF ( IT)

1/ Subject of verb
I have a dog. It is called Tony.
2/ Object of a verb
I cant find it anywhere today.
3/ Formal subject
Sometimes, it is difficult to make a decision.

4/ Formal object
I consider it as my duty to return gratitude
to my parents for supporting me to study more
English.
5/ Subject of impersonal verb
- Natural phenomenon - Time Distance
It rains. It takes 3 days.. It takes 2 km.

6/ Emphatic sentence
Sok broke the glass. It was Sok that broke the
glass.( It be noun that..)
7/ In familiar expression
It is said that.
It is believed that.
It is reported that.

8/ For thing without life
Here is your picture, take it away.
9/ In speaking of the weather or the time
It is cold today.
It was 4 oclock when she arrived.
10/ For a young child
When I saw the child. It was crying.

13
What is a possessive pronoun?

Definition
A possessive pronoun is a kind of pronouns
that is used to show possession and is used to
replace the possessive adjective plus noun.
Ex- I heard his vioce. It is really his.

14
REMARK ON DOUBLE POSSESSIVE

Ex- Please show me one of your picture.
Ex- Please show me a picture of yours.
Ex- She introduced me to one of Soks friends.

NOUN OF POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
15
POSSESSIVE PRONOUN

Singular Plural

mine
ours
yours
his
yours
hers
its
theirs
ones
16
What is a self-pronoun?

Definition
A self-pronoun is a kind of pronouns which is
used to show that the subject does something for
himself or to emphasize the role of subject or
object.
Ex- He killed himself.
Ex- I myself shot the tiger yesterday.

17
SELF- PRONOUN

Singular Plural

myself
ourselves
yourself
himself
yourselves
herself
themselves
itself
oneself
18
SELF- PRONOUN

SELF- PRONOUN IS DIVIDED INTO 2

Reflexive pronoun
Emphasizing pronoun
19
REFLEXIVE PRONOUN

1/ Object of the verb
Hillary loves herself too much.
2/ Indirect object
We cant teach ourselves English.
3/ Object of preposition
Obama and Clinton work for themselves.
Note reflexive pronoun cant be omitted.

20
EMPHASIZING PRONOUN

1/ To emphasize the subject
The hunter himself killed the big tiger.
2/ To emphasize the object
I have met Sarah Palin herself.
Note emphasizing pronoun can be omitted and
can be put right after the subject, object or at
the end of the sentence.

21
What is a relative pronoun?

Definition
A relative pronoun is a kind of pronouns that
is used to introduce an adjective clause.

that
whom
who
whose
as
which
22

FOR PERSON
WHO ( THAT) - SUBJECTIVE CASE
This is the man who brings me the news.
WHOM ( THAT) OBJECTIVE CASE
The girl whom you told me is standing there.

FOR THINGS
WHICH ( THAT) SUBJECT/ OBJECT
Palin lends me a book which is very
interesting.
This is the novel which we are talking about.
This is an information which we provided

WHOSE - For person
The mother whose boy died in the accident is
crying painfully.
OF WHICH - For thing
The house of which roof is red belongs to my
uncle.
AS is used as a relative pronoun after such
pronoun and sometimes after the same pronoun.

25
What is a demonstrative pronoun?

Definition
A demonstrative pronoun is a kind of pronouns
that is used to point out person or things.

THAT
THIS
THOSE
THESE
26
ones
such

To avoid repetition
Ex-There are two shirts. I like the red ones.
Ex-Those students are clever ones.
Ex-Such are people, Ive never met.

27
What is an interrogative pronoun?

Definition 016 940 392
An interrogative pronoun is a kind of pronouns
used to make questions.

which
what
who
whose
28

For person
what is used to ask for occupation.
which is used to ask for choice.
who is used to ask for identification.
whose is used to ask for possessor.
For things
what - is used to ask for information.

29
What is an indefinite pronoun?

Definition.
An indefinite pronoun is a kind of pronouns
that is used to refer to number, but not any
number in particular.
one both each either neither
several all every whole some
any a little many much a lot of..

30
What is a reciprocal pronoun?

Definition
A reciprocal pronoun is a kind of pronouns
that is used to show reciprocity between subject.
Ex-In our society, we must depend on one
another.
Ex-Romeo and Juliet loved each other.

31

32
What is a noun?

Definition 016 940 392
A noun is a name of anything. It may be the
name of a person, an animal, a place an action, a
quality, or a state of being.
Ex- a teacher, a sword, a bird, a town,
revenge, loyalty, laziness..

33
KINDS OF NOUN

THERE ARE TWO MAIN KINDS OF NOUN

ABSTRACT NOUN
CONCRETE NOUN
34
What is a concrete noun?

Definition 016 940 392
A concrete noun is a kind of nouns that we can
see and touch.
Ex- teacher, school, laptop, car, plane
book, cat, telephone, girl, ..

35
KINDS OF CONCRETE NOUN

THERE ARE THREE KINDS OF CONCRETE NOUN

COMMON NOUN
???????
??????????????
COLLECTIVE NOUN
????????
PROPER NOUN
36
What is a common noun?

Definition 016 940 392
A common noun is a kind of nouns that we can
share in common.
Common Noun is divided

COUNTABLE NOUN
UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
37
What is a proper noun?

Definition 016 940 392
A proper noun is a kind of nouns that refers
to a name of particular persons, animals,
places
Ex- Phnom Penh, London, Oslo, Paris
Kopenhagen, Budapest, Cambodia
Kampot, Pursat, Kampong Thom

38
What is a collective noun?

Definition 016 940 392
A collective noun is a kind of nouns that
refers to a number of things, animals or person
as a whole.
Ex- class, people, cattle, crew,
committee, police.

39
What is an abstract noun?

Definition 016 940 392
An abstract noun is a kind of nouns that we
can not see and touch.
Abstract Noun may refer

ACTION
STATUS
QUALITY
40
FORMATION OF ABSTRACT NOUN
1/ ADJECTIVE NESS

Ex- happiness, laziness, greatness,
bitterness..
Ex- length, width, breath, youth, depth

2/ ADJECTIVE TH
41

Ex- materialism, heroism, socialism.
Ex- friendship, ownership, scholarship..

3/ ADJECTIVE OR NOUN ISM
4/ NOUN SHIP
42

Ex- boyhood, childhood, neighborhood...
Ex- construction, dictation, action..

5/ NOUN HOOD
6/ VERB ION
43

Ex- freedom, kingdom, wisdom
Ex- management, judgement

7/ ADJECTIVE OR NOUN DOM
8/ VERB MENT
44

Ex- hunting, swimming, jogging, doing
Ex- love, taste, touch, fear, hate, smell

9/ VERB ING
10/ SOME VRBS
45
SOME KINDS OF NOUNS
COMPOUND NOUN
NOUN EQUIVALENT
DERIVATIVE NOUN
AGENT NOUN
MARTERIAL NOUN
AGGREGATE NOUN
46
What is a compound noun?

Definition
A compound noun is a kind of nouns which
consists of two, three or more parts and is
created by
Ex- postcard, bookcase, newspaper..

1/ NOUN NOUN
47

Ex- sawing machine, swimming pool..
Ex- grandson, whiteboard, redpen..

2/ GERUND NOUN
3/ ADJECTIVE NOUN
48

Ex- overcoat, upland, foresight.
Ex- pickpoket, cutpurse, cutthroat..

4/ ADVERB/ PREPOSITION NOUN
5/ VERB NOUN
49
6/ VERB ADVERB

Ex- breakdown, buildup, farewell
Ex- income, outlook, input.

7/ ADVERB VERB
50

Ex- spokesman, salesman, sportsman
statesman.

8/ POSSESSIVE CASE NOUN
51
What is a noun equivalent?

Definition
A noun equivalent is a kind of nouns which is
created by
Ex- He arrived at the airport on time.

1/ PRONOUN
52
2/ GERUND

Ex- Swimming is a good exercise.
Ex- The rich must help the poor.

3/ ADJECTIVE PRECEDED BY ( THE )
53

Ex- To be loved is happy.
a- Nominative absolute phrases
Ex- A bird in a hand is better than two in
bush.

4/ INFINITIVE
5/ NOUN PHRASES
54

b- Infinitive phrases
Ex- To win the election is a victory for
candidates after election campaign.
c- Gerund phrases
Ex- Giving speeches made him proud to
his nation after being elected.

Ex- We know that hell win the election.
Ex- How the prisoner escaped was
unknown.

6/ NOUN CLAUSE
56
GENDER OF NOUN

Gender of noun can be
A noun that is the name of a male being.
Ex- man, son, father, ox, dog, nephew

1/ MASCULINE GENDER
57

A noun that is the name of a female
being.
Ex- woman, daughter, mother, cow,
niece..

2/ FAMININE GENDER
58

A noun that is the name of either male
or female being.
Ex- friend, neighbor, teacher, child..

3/ COMMON GENDER
59

A noun that is the name of something
without life.
Ex- tree, table, bicycle,house, car.

4/ NEUTER GENDER
60
SOME NOTES OF GENDER

1/ Object distinguished for greatness,
power, sublimity are regarded as
Masculine.
Ex- Mine left his victims in sorrow.
2/ Object of sentiment distinguished for
grace, beauty, gentleness are regarded
as Faminine.
Ex- Let peace holds everywhere.

3/ Name of countries, ships, engines, cars,
most small animals and insects are
regarded as Faminine.
Ex- Were talking about Cambodia and
her industry.
4/ Most large animals are considered as
Masculine.
Ex- Lion is not afraid of any animals.

62
FORMATIONS OF NOUNS
noun
prefix

Ex- untruth, inaction, disregard, forehead,
prepayment, recovery, underskirt.

pre
re
un
under
in
fore
dis
63
noun
ian
ist
ful
prefix

Ex- musician, physician, violinist,
guitarist, mouthful, pocketful
kingdom, childhood, brotherhood,
friendship, patriotism, leadership

ism
ship
dom
hood
64
suffix
VERB

Ex- reader, operator, liar, action,
agreement, arrangement, swimming.

ING
ER
OR
AR
ION
MENT
65
suffix

Ex- freedom, realism, darkness, safety

ADJECTIVE
DOM
TY
NESS
ISM
ITY
66
FUNCTIONS OF NOUNS

1/ SUBJECT OF A VERB
Teachers came late this morning.
2/ SUBJECT COMPLEMENT
My friend is a tycoon.
3/ OBJECT OF A VERB
Bird builds a nest in the forest.
4/ DIRECT/ INDIRECT OBJECT
Obama gave me a plane last month.

5/ OBJECT OF PREPOSITION
She is waiting for teacher at the street
corner.
6/ COGNATE OBJECT
I dreamed a good dream last night.
7/ ADVERBIAL EQUIVALENT
He worked ten hours a day.

8/ OBJECTIVE COMPLEMENT 016 940 392
We considered him a great patriot.
9/ APPOSITION
Soyavaraman, a famous king, built Angkor Wat
in the half of 21 century.
10/ ADJECTIVE EQUIVALENT
Did you see my brothers book here?

69
VERB016 940 392

THERE ARE TWO MAIN KINDS OF VERB

FINITE VERB
NON-FINITE VERB
70
What is a finite verb?

Definition
A finite verb is a kind of verbs which always
changes to subjects and tenses.
Ex- Obama wants to conduct an ugent peace talk
with North Korea to restore an economic crisis in
his administration.

71
FINITE VERB

FINITE VERB IS DIVIDED INTO 5

TRANSITIVE VERB
INTRANSITIVE VERB
LINKING VERB
IMPERSONAL VERB
SPECIAL VERB
72
What is a transitive verb?

Definition
A transitive verb is a verb which needs object
or objects.
A transitive verb is a verb that has no a
complete meaning by itself.

73
What is an object?

Definition 016 940
392
An object is the person or thing affected by
the action described in the verb.
KINDS OF OBJECT

DIRECT OBJECT
INDIRECT OBJECT
74
KINDS OF TRANSITIVE VERB

TRANSITIVE VERB CAN BE DIVIDED

2
MONO TRANSITIVE VERB
DITRANSITIVE VERB
75
What is a mono transitive verb?

Definition
A mono transitive verb is a kind of transitive
verbs that requires an object.
Ex- Hillary speaks English.
Ex- Palin kisses me.
Ex- I love my daughter.

76
What is a ditransitive verb?

Definition
A ditransitive verb is a kind of transitive
verbs which requires two or more objects.
Ex- Obama gave a speech to his patriots
after economic clout.
Ex- Former khmer Rouge leaders provided
documents to CDC last month.

77
What is an intransitive verb?

Definition
An intransitive verb is a verb that has a
complete meaning by itself in sentence.
An intransitive verb is a kind of verbs that
may be modified by an adverb, an adverb
equivalent or cognate object.

Ex- The injured man died painfully.
Ex- She went to school.
Ex- She dreamed a good dream.
Ex- I run
Ex- She sleeps.
Ex- He works.

79
What is a linking verb?

Definition
A linking verb or incomplete intransitive verb
is one that joins the subject and subjective
complement.
A linking verb or copular verb is a kind of
verbs which does not express action, but helps
complete statements about the subject by
describing or identifying it.

80
LINKING VERBS ARE
BE
LOOK

SEEM
STAY
GET
SOUND
GROW
TURN
REMAIN
TASTE
APPEAR
SMELL
BECOME
FEEL
81
What is a special verb?

Definition016 940 392
A special verb is a kind of verbs that can not
stand alone in the sentence.
SPECIAL VERB IS DIVIDED
1/ PRINCIPLE AUXILIARY VERBS
2/ MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS

82
What is an auxiliary verb?

Definition
An auxiliary verb is a kind of verbs which is
used with other verbs to express moods or tense.

do
be
have
can
must
will
shall
may
ought to
used to
dare
need
83
What is a principle auxiliary verb?

Definition
A principle auxiliary verb is a special verb
which can be used to help simple verbs make
negative, interrogative sentence and to create
tense and aspect.
Ex- She does not speak English.

84
KINDS OF PRINCIPLE AUXILIARY VERB

Principle auxiliary verbs are

3
DO
HAVE
BE
85
What is a modal verb?

Definition
A modal verb is a kind of verbs which is used
to modify the meaning of the main verbs in some
ways.
A modal verb is a kind of verbs that is used
to express necessity or possibility, and change
the main verb in that sense.

86
HOW TO NOTE MODAL VERB IN SENTENCES

1/ Modal verbs have no s / es / ies form.
2/ Modal verbs have no to infinitive form.
3/ Modal verbs have no participle form.
4/ Modal verbs form the questions by
inversion and negatives by adding ( not ).

87
MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS

CAN
USED TO
MAY
DARE
WILL
NEED
SHALL
OUGHT TO
MUST
88
MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS

ARE DIVIDED INTO
2

PURE MODALS
SEMI-MODALS
MAY
OUGHT TO
NEED
CAN
WILL
MUST
SHALL
DARE
USED TO
89
What is a pure modal auxiliary verb?

Definition016 940 392
A pure modal auxiliary verb is used to express
ideas in sentences.
Ex- I could swim quite well when I was
younger.
Ex- Bush, former president of the United
States of America, must resign after election.

90
What is a semi-modal auxiliary verb?

Definition
A semi-modal auxiliary verb is a kind of modal
auxiliary verbs which is partly like modal verbs
and partly like main verbs.
Ex- I need not come to work tomorrow.
Ex- Palin used to speak English at home.

91
What is an impersonal verb?

Definition
An impersonal verb is a verb which is used to
express a natural phenomenon and a measurement.
Ex- It takes three hours to get to the
airport.
Ex- It takes five kilometers from my house to
the college.

92
What is a non-finite verb?

Definition
A non-finite verb is a verb that does not
change to subject and tense.
Ex- Obama wants to reform his nation after
Bushs administration.
Ex- Clinton stopped working as a senator in
New York after election.

93
NON-FINITE VERB

NON-FINITE VERB IS DIVIDED INTO
3

INFINITIVE
GERUND
PARTICIPLE
94
What is an infinitive verb?

Definition016 940 392
An infinitive verb is a name of certain verb
forms that exists in many languages.
An infinitive of a verb is its basic form with
or without the particle ( to ).

95
KINDS OF INFINITIVE VERB

INFINITIVE CAN BE DIVIDED INTO
BARE INFINITIVE
FULL INFINITIVE
SPLIT INFINITIVE

3
96
What is a bare infinitive?

Definition
A bare infinitive verb is a kind of verbs that
is not preceded by infinitive marker.
Ex- appreciate, felicitate, coordinate,
persue, reproduce

97
HOW TO USE BARE INFINITIVE

1/ Bare infinitive is used as the main verb after
the dummy auxiliary verb ( do ) or most modal
auxiliary verbs ( can, will..).
2/ Bare infinitive is used after several verbs of
perception ( see, watch, hear and sense ) take a
direct object and a bare infinitive, where the
bare infinitive indicates an action taken by the
main verbs direct object.

3/ Bare infinitive is used after several verbs
of permission or causation including ( make, bid,
let, and have ).
Ex- She always makes me cry.
4/ Bare infinitive is used as present
subjunctive form and imperative form.
Ex- PAD always demands Thai prime minister be
dismissed.

Ex- I heard Cambodian prime minister speak in
the conference yesterday.
Ex- I see a prisoner be beaten in Uganda.
Ex- Sarah Palin watches her speech be broadcast
on CNN everyday.
Ex- Obama feels USA be transformed after
election campaign.

100
What is a full infinitive verb?

Definition
A full infinitive verb is a kind of verbs
which is preceded by infintive marker.
Ex- to resume, to conduct, to detain,
to kiss, to judge, to arbitrate..

101
HOW TO USE FULL INFINITIVE

1/ Full infinitive is used like a noun phrase to
be a subject of a verb.
Ex- To speak is very difficult.
2/ Full infinitive is used like an adjective or
adverb, expressing purpose or intent.
Ex- He is the man to talk to.

102

3/ Full infinitive is used as an object of a
verb.
Ex- She wants to speak English with me.
4/ Full infinitive is used after the direct
object of many transitive verbs.
Ex- I asked her to make his case on his behalf.

103
What is a cleft infinitive?

Definition016 940 392
A cleft infinitive verb is a verb form with an
element, usually an adverb, interposed between
infinitive marker and the verb form.

to adverb verb
104
HOW TO USE CLEFT INFINITIVE

1/ Cleft infinitive verb is used to emphasize
subject.
Ex- He wants me to strongly cry.
Ex- Hillary wants Obama to strictly revise the
USA after election.
Ex- Palin wants Prad Pitt to strongly love her
after marriage.

105
What is a gerund?

Definition
A gerund is a verbal form that ends in ing
and functions in a sentence as a noun.
FORM

VERB ING
106
HOW TO USE GERUND

1/ Gerund can be used as a subject.
Ex- Travelling might satisfy your desire for new
experience.
2/ Gerund can be used as direct object.
Ex- They do not appreciate my singing.
3/ Gerund can be used as subjective
complement.
Ex- My cats favourite activity is sleeping.

107

4/ Gerund can be used as object of preposition.
Ex- The police arrested him for speeding.
5/ Gerund can be used after verb pattern
admit, avoid, carry on, consider, delay,
deny, dislike, cant help, enjoy, finish

108

justify, keep, mention, mind, practise
give up, imagine, include, involve..
6/ Gerund can be used after special phrases
to be busy, couldnt help, dont mind,
feel like, how about, it is no good
it is no use, spend on time, there is no
there is no point, what a bout, worth

109
What is a participle?

Definition
A participle is a verbal form having some
characteristics and functions of both verb and
adjective.
A participle is a verb form that combines with
an auxiliary verb to indicate certain tenses.

110
PARTICIPLE

PARTICIPLE IS DIVIDED INTO
2

PRESENT PARTICIPLE
PAST PARTICIPLE
V ED/ V3
V ING
111
What is present participle verb?

Definition
A present participle verb is a kind of verbs
that ends in ing form and functions as verb and
as attributive verb.
Ex- talking, swimming, starting, making
travelling, studying, moving, being.

112
HOW TO USE PRESENT PARTICIPLE

1/ The present participle is used to form the
present action or progressive aspect.
Ex- Susanna is learning English at CUE.
2/ The present participle is used as adjective
to modify noun.
Ex- The watering can that is used by Obama is
mine.

113

3/ The present participle is used to modify a
verb or sentence.
Ex- Broadly speaking, the project was
successful.
Ex- Broadly smiling, Hillary got expertise from
college in New York in 2009.

114
What is a past participle verb?

Definition
A past participle verb is a kind of verbs that
is finished by ( suffix -ed ) or changed to other
form that depends on verbs.
Ex- visited, wanted, cried, stayed
allowed, spoken, written, paid..

115
HOW TO USE PAST PARTICIPLE VERB

1/ Past participle verb is used to form perfect
aspect.
Ex- He has studied English since 1999.
2/ Past participle verb is used to form passive
voice.
Ex- The chicken was eaten after two- hour cook
yesterday.

116

3/ Past participle verb is used to modify a
noun, active sense.
Ex- Our fallen comrades
4/ Past participle verb is used to modify a
noun, passive sense.
Ex- The attached files

117

5/ Past participle verb is used to modify a verb
or sentence.
Ex- Seen from his perspective, the problem
presents no easy solution.
Ex- Considered as a hero in the USA, Obama tried
best to restore the nation.

118
What is an adverb?

Definition
An adverb is a word which modifies the meaning
of a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a
phrase, a clause or a whole sentence.
Ex- Obama absolutely wants to solve the
conflict between Pakistan and the USA.

119
KINDS OF ADVERB

ADVERB IS DIVIDED INTO
7

PLACE
MANNER
INTERROGATIVE
DEGREE
TIME
FREQUENCY
AFFIRMATION
120
What is an adverb of place?

Definition
An adverb of place is a kind of adverbs that
is used to show where the action happens.
Ex- Please wait for me right here.

121
What is an interrogative adverb?

Definition
An interrogative adverb is a kind of adverbs
that is used to make questions.
Ex- Where is he from?
Ex- Why are you so late?

122
What is an adverb of frequency?

Definition
An adverb of frequency is one that is used to
show how often the action happens.
Ex- I have told him twice about that.
Ex- My secretary often makes mistakes.

123
What is an adverb of time?

Definition
An adverb of time is an adverb that is used to
show when the action happens.
Ex- I have heard this story before.

124
What is an adverb of manner?

Definition
An adverb of manner is an adverb that is used
to show how the action is done.
Ex- The teacher reads the text clearly.
Ex- The short course is well organized.

125
What is an adverb of degree?

Definition
An adverb of degree or quantity is a kind of
adverbs that is used to show how much or in what
degree or what extent the action happens.
Ex- He was too careless in his speech.

126
What is an adverb of affirmation?

Definition
An adverb of affirmation is a kind of adverbs
which is used to indicate that a statement is
true or that in some other ways to affirm it.
Ex- I have definitely decided to go to Paris.

127
ADVERB EQUIVALENT

Adverb equivalent is a kind of adverbs that is
made from
1/ Some adjectives.
Ex- We take a fast train.
2/ Adverb phrase
Ex- Sok studies hard to become a good doctor
in his country.

128

3/ Adverb clauses
Ex- Sok reads the newspaper while he is riding
on the bus.
Ex- His wife follows him wherever he goes.
Ex- We go early so that we can get the good
seats.

129
FORMATIONS OF ADVERB

1/ NOUN WARD eastward
2/ A NOUN away, afire
3/ IN NOUN indeed
4/ AL ADVERB already
5/ ADV ADV whenever
6/ ADV PRE hereby.
7/ SOME HOW somehow.

130
FUNCTIONS OF ADVERB

1/ Adverb is used to modify a verb
Ex- Linda runs quickly out of the house.
2/ Adverb is used to modify an adjective
Ex- Those workers are quite lazy.
3/ Adverb is used to modify another adverb
Ex- Hillary studies hard during the exam.

131

4/ Adverb is used to modify adverbial clause
Ex- I like this house simply because it is near
the supper market.
5/ Adverb is used to modify adverbial phrase
Ex- I see an angel flying exactly over my house.
6/ Adverb is used to modify a whole sentence
EX- May be, I will go with you.

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What is an adjective?

Definition
An adjective is a word that is used to modify
the meaning of noun.
Ex- Cambodian country, ugly face

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KINDS OF ADJECTIVE

ADJECTIVE CAN BE DIVIDED INTO
8

PROPER
INDEFINITE
RELATIVE
DESCRIPTIVE
INTERROGATIVE
DEMONSTRATIVE
NUMERAL
POSSESSIVE
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What is a proper adjective?

Definition
A proper adjective is an adjective that
delivered from proper nouns.
Ex- Cambodia Cambodian
England English
Angkor Angkorian

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What is a descriptive adjective?

Definition
A descriptive adjective is an adjective that
tells something aout the nature, appearence and
properties of noun.
Ex- beautiful girl, round table, deep sea
ugly face, big guy, small chair.....

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What is a numeral adjective?

Definition
A numeral adjective is an adjective which is
used to tell the number.
2

ordinal
cardinal
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What is a relative adjective?

Definition
A relative adjective is a kind of adjectives
that is used to introduce a noun clause.
They qualify a noun in the subordinate clause.
Ex- You may take whichever book you like.

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What is an interrogative adjective?

Definition
An interrogative adjective is an adjective
that is used to make questions.
Ex- Which student is cleverest in the class?
Ex- What color is the best?

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What is a possessive adjective?

Definition
A possessive adjective is a kind of adjectives
that stands before noun to show possession.
Ex- Where is your suitcase?

140
What is an indefinite adjective?

Definition
An indefinite adjective is an adjective that
stands before nouns to show a certain quantity.
Ex- I met some US soliers on my way home.

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What is a demonstrative adjective?

Definition
A demonstrative adjective is an adjective that
is used to point out person or thing.
Ex- That villa is newly built.
Ex- Those men are candidates.

142
What is a compound adjective?