Errata list book site, via course site

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• Errata list (book site, via course site)
• Guest instructors (Saba, Dr. Abebe, Mesfin)
• Lab?

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The sound system
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How to produce a phone?

• Tone
• Oral/nasal
• Manner of articulation
• Place of articulation

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Vowels and consonants

• Vowels
• Rounded/unrounded
• Height
• Front/back
• Consonants
• Tone
• Manner of articulation
• Oral/nasal
• Place of articulation

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Syllable

• Phones form syllables
• Syllable ! morpheme
• Onset
• Nucleus
• Coda

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Phonotactics

• Restrictions on phone sequences
• Open and closed syllables
• Onset
• Coda

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Prosody

• Stress
• 'object - obj'ect c'ontent - cont'ent
• Intonation
• Pich - questions in Amharic

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Writing systems

• Alphabetic
• Abjads (consonant alphabets)
• Alphabets (phonemic alphabets)
• Syllabic
• Syllabic alphabets
• Syllabaries
• Logographic

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Converting language

• Preserving meaning
• Translation Amharic XXX -gt English car
• Preserving sound
• Translitteration Fidel XXX -gt Latin makina

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Translitteration of Fidel

• Saba

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Morphology
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Different kinds of morphemes

• Grammatical Lexical
• Bound Free
• Affix Stem

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Two kinds of grammatical morphemes

• Inflection
• Minor changes to the meaning of a word tense,
  definiteness, number, gender, ...
• Normally no change of POS (Part-Of-Speech)
  category
• Derivation
• Results in a new word presume -gt presumably
  circle -gt circular
• Normally POS change verb -gt adverb, noun -gt
  adjective

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Inflectional morphology

• Nominal
• Verbal
• Adjectival
• Agreement

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Nominal inflection

• What kind of meaning can be added to a noun?
• Number
• Definiteness
• Case
• Gender

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Verbal inflection

• Tense
• Mood
• Aspect

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Agreement

• One item in a sentence is marked to show the
  grammatical linking to another item in the
  sentence

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Morphotactics

• Ordering rules for morphemes
• Nouns, verbs, adjectives ...
• Agglutinative (Concatentive)
• Flectional (Non-catenative)
• Templatic morphology

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Morphophonetics

• Sometimes the restrictions on the sound structure
  interfere with the ordering of morphemes
• Ex -s -gt -iz

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Regular Expressions
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Regular Expressions

• Characters a b c
• Anchors \b \B
• Character Sets
• Quantifiers
• Disjunction
• Grouping ()
• (Precendence)

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Regular Expressions

• "Programming language"
• Definition of sets of character strings!

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Regular Expressions - Regular languages

• Every regular expression corresponds to a regular
  language
• Properties
• Closed under
• Concatenation ab
• Union ab
• Kleene closure (repetition) a
• Intersection, difference, complementation,
  reversal

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Regular Expressions - Regular languages - Finite
State Automata

• For every regular regular language (and regular
  expression) there is a finite state automaton!
• Efficient
• Easy to implement
• A finite set of states, finite input alphabet, an
  start state, a (number of) final states