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Se non ora, quando

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Title: Se non ora, quando


1
  • Se non ora, quando
  • Lisbon
  • December 11, 2014
  • Challenges for Europe in ST
  • Giorgio Sirilligiorgio.sirilli_at_cnr.it

2
Outline
  • Science, technology and higher education in
    Europe
  • Four-speed Europe
  • Some countries
  • Conclusions

3
Return On Academic ReSearch
Editorial board 10 academics 10 million contacts
since November 2011 A record 38,747 contacts on
December 4, 2013 1,878 articles published 27,000
comments received 13,800 registered users
4
Manifesto They have chosen ignorance
  • In Europe
  • budget cuts
  • research does not follow political cycles
  • public attract private investment
  • brain drain
  • applied research
  • excellence and the tip of the iceberg

5
The myth of excellence
6
Manifesto They have chosen ignorance
  • In Europe
  • budget cuts
  • research does not follow political cycles
  • public attract private investment
  • brain drain
  • applied research
  • excellence and the tip of the iceberg
  • synergy between research and education
  • research for social welfare

7
Robert Merton
  • Communalism the common ownership of scientific
    discoveries, according to which scientists give
    up intellectual property in exchange for
    recognition and esteem.
  • Universalism according to which claims to truth
    are evaluated in terms of universal or impersonal
    criteria, and not on the basis of race, class,
    gender, religion, or nationality
  • Disinterestedness according to which scientists
    are rewarded for acting in ways that outwardly
    appear to be selfless
  • Organized skepticism all ideas must be tested
    and are subject to rigorous, structured community
    scrutiny

8
Political options and ideologies do matter
9
Why evaluation?
  • From the carrot to the stick

10
Four European areas
  • Teutonic (Germany, Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden,
    Finland, Norway, Iceland, Austria, Switzerland)
  • Anglo-French (France, UK, Belgium, Luxembourg,
    Ireland)
  • Mediterranean (Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece,
    Malta, Cyprus)
  • Oriental (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland,
    Ceck Rep., Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria,
    Slovenia, Croatia)

11
Four-speed Europe
12
Four-speed Europe
13
Four-speed Europe
14
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15
The entrepreneurial State
  • The book comprehensively debunks the myth of a
    lumbering, bureaucratic state versus a dynamic,
    innovative private sector.
  • The opposite is true the private sector only
    finds the courage to invest after an
    entrepreneurial state has made the high-risk
    investments - from the green revolution to
    biotech and from pharmaceuticals to Silicon
    Valley.
  • Not admitting the States role we are socializing
    only the risks, while privatizing the rewards

16
Apple
17
Mobile phones
  • All basic technologies that make our mobile
    phones smart can be traced back to governmental
    initiative and funding.

18
Mobile phones
  • microprocessors
  • RAM memory
  • hard disk drives
  • liquid-crystal displays
  • lithium batteries
  • the Internet
  • cellular technology and networks
  • global positioning system (GPS)
  • multi-touch screens.

19
Reharsing?
20
Italy
RD/GDP 1.25 Budget of universities -19
since 2008 The scientific system is productive
but until when? ERC conditional grants more than
half chose abroad (Germany 30 UK
10) Turnover virtually non existent Evaluation
of ANVUR
21
  • Established in 2011
  • A government agency
  • ANVUR activities
  • Evaluation of the Quality of Research (EQR)
  • Habilitation of university professors and
    researchers
  • Accreditation of university courses and
    organisations

22
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23
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24
Policy makers
  • Why shoud we pay the
  • researchers if we make the
  • best shoes in the world?
  • Silvio Berlusconi

Culture does not provide food (Con la cultura
non si mangia) Giulio Tremonti
25
France
  • Researchers in strain emigrate or quit science
  • More public money to industry and less to public
    research
  • For getting the same amount of money researchers
    devote much more time to red tape
  • Individualism
  • Young researchers without permanent position

26
Sciencs en marche
27
Spain
Public civil RD dropped by 42 since 2009 Delay
in transfer of money Programs with short-term
market impact Hiring opportunities almost
disappeared (turnover 10) Young graduates
options low quality employment, short term
contracts, abandon RD, emigrate Acute brain
drain
28
Germany
  • Underfunding
  • Lack of permanent positions
  • Insecurity and mature scientists may live science
    and the country
  • Federal government and landers

29
Portugal
  • Cuts in Phd and post-doctoral grants
  • FCT evaluation and the role of the ESF
  • Closing of 50 of research units

30
Conclusions
God is dead, Marx is dead and Im not feeling
that good myself
31
Conclusions
More (and better) Europe Need of a new
socio-economic paradigm
32
What to do?
  • Linno dItalia
  • Uniamoci a coorte,
  • siam pronti alla morte,
  • lItalia chiamò

33
Primo Levi
  • "If I am not for myself, who will be for me? And
    when I am for myself, what am 'I'? And if not
    now, when?

34
Thank you for your attention
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