Title: Se non ora, quando
1- Se non ora, quando
- Lisbon
- December 11, 2014
- Challenges for Europe in ST
- Giorgio Sirilligiorgio.sirilli_at_cnr.it
2Outline
- Science, technology and higher education in
Europe - Four-speed Europe
- Some countries
- Conclusions
3Return On Academic ReSearch
Editorial board 10 academics 10 million contacts
since November 2011 A record 38,747 contacts on
December 4, 2013 1,878 articles published 27,000
comments received 13,800 registered users
4Manifesto They have chosen ignorance
- In Europe
- budget cuts
- research does not follow political cycles
- public attract private investment
- brain drain
- applied research
- excellence and the tip of the iceberg
5The myth of excellence
6Manifesto They have chosen ignorance
- In Europe
- budget cuts
- research does not follow political cycles
- public attract private investment
- brain drain
- applied research
- excellence and the tip of the iceberg
- synergy between research and education
- research for social welfare
7Robert Merton
- Communalism the common ownership of scientific
discoveries, according to which scientists give
up intellectual property in exchange for
recognition and esteem. - Universalism according to which claims to truth
are evaluated in terms of universal or impersonal
criteria, and not on the basis of race, class,
gender, religion, or nationality - Disinterestedness according to which scientists
are rewarded for acting in ways that outwardly
appear to be selfless - Organized skepticism all ideas must be tested
and are subject to rigorous, structured community
scrutiny
8Political options and ideologies do matter
9Why evaluation?
- From the carrot to the stick
10Four European areas
- Teutonic (Germany, Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden,
Finland, Norway, Iceland, Austria, Switzerland) - Anglo-French (France, UK, Belgium, Luxembourg,
Ireland) - Mediterranean (Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece,
Malta, Cyprus) - Oriental (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland,
Ceck Rep., Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria,
Slovenia, Croatia)
11Four-speed Europe
12Four-speed Europe
13Four-speed Europe
14(No Transcript)
15The entrepreneurial State
- The book comprehensively debunks the myth of a
lumbering, bureaucratic state versus a dynamic,
innovative private sector. - The opposite is true the private sector only
finds the courage to invest after an
entrepreneurial state has made the high-risk
investments - from the green revolution to
biotech and from pharmaceuticals to Silicon
Valley. - Not admitting the States role we are socializing
only the risks, while privatizing the rewards
16Apple
17Mobile phones
- All basic technologies that make our mobile
phones smart can be traced back to governmental
initiative and funding.
18Mobile phones
- microprocessors
- RAM memory
- hard disk drives
- liquid-crystal displays
- lithium batteries
- the Internet
- cellular technology and networks
- global positioning system (GPS)
- multi-touch screens.
19Reharsing?
20Italy
RD/GDP 1.25 Budget of universities -19
since 2008 The scientific system is productive
but until when? ERC conditional grants more than
half chose abroad (Germany 30 UK
10) Turnover virtually non existent Evaluation
of ANVUR
21- Established in 2011
- A government agency
- ANVUR activities
- Evaluation of the Quality of Research (EQR)
- Habilitation of university professors and
researchers - Accreditation of university courses and
organisations
22(No Transcript)
23(No Transcript)
24Policy makers
- Why shoud we pay the
- researchers if we make the
- best shoes in the world?
- Silvio Berlusconi
Culture does not provide food (Con la cultura
non si mangia) Giulio Tremonti
25France
- Researchers in strain emigrate or quit science
- More public money to industry and less to public
research - For getting the same amount of money researchers
devote much more time to red tape - Individualism
- Young researchers without permanent position
26Sciencs en marche
27Spain
Public civil RD dropped by 42 since 2009 Delay
in transfer of money Programs with short-term
market impact Hiring opportunities almost
disappeared (turnover 10) Young graduates
options low quality employment, short term
contracts, abandon RD, emigrate Acute brain
drain
28Germany
- Underfunding
- Lack of permanent positions
- Insecurity and mature scientists may live science
and the country - Federal government and landers
29Portugal
- Cuts in Phd and post-doctoral grants
- FCT evaluation and the role of the ESF
- Closing of 50 of research units
30Conclusions
God is dead, Marx is dead and Im not feeling
that good myself
31Conclusions
More (and better) Europe Need of a new
socio-economic paradigm
32What to do?
- Linno dItalia
- Uniamoci a coorte,
- siam pronti alla morte,
- lItalia chiamò
33Primo Levi
- "If I am not for myself, who will be for me? And
when I am for myself, what am 'I'? And if not
now, when?
34Thank you for your attention