Intro to Marine Biology

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Intro to Marine Biology

• Chapter 1

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Salinity

• Salinity - total amount of salt dissolved in
  water.
• 3.5 salt and 96.5 water by mass.
• 1000g of water evaporate 35 g of salt
• We express salinity in parts per thousand (35
  p.p.t.)
• Salinity follows the rule of constant proportions
  the proportions of the ions in sea water remain
  constant to each other. The reason salinity
  varies is because of the addition or removal of
  pure water rather than salt.

Sodium Chloride Sulfer Magnesium Calcium Potassium Bicarb.
55 30 8 4 1 1 .5
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Measuring Salinity

• Salinity can be measured using a Niskin bottle.

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What affects surface salinity?

• 1. evaporation 2. thawing
• 3. precipitation 4. freshwater run-off
• 5. freezing

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Surface Salinity in the Worlds Oceans
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Salinity Summary
Temperature Salinity Density
Warm Low Low
Cold High High
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Challenger Information

• 3 ½ year voyage around the world to collect data.
• Ship was an old warship modified into a research
  vessel. Left one cannon on to discourage
  pirates!
• Discovered so much information that it took 19
  years to publish 50 thick volumes
• 4,700 new species discovered
• Chief scientist was Charles Wyville Thomson
• Major importance of the voyage was that the azoic
  theory (which states that life could not live in
  the deep ocean) was proved wrong!

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Major Ocean Basins

• Oceans cover 71 of the planets surface
• Pacific Atlantic Indian Arctic
  Southern Ocean

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Sea vs. Gulf

• Sea a body of salt water smaller than an ocean
  that is more or less land locked.
• Gulf a smaller body of water that is mostly cut
  off from the larger ocean by land formations.

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Transparency

• One of the most biologically important properties
  of sea water is that sunlight can penetrate it.
  This is good because photosynthesis can occur.
• The ocean reflects blue light best.other colors
  are absorbed more than blue.
• Things that appear red at the surface look black
  at depth because there is no red light to reflect
  off them.

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Pressure

• Land organisms are under 1 atmosphere of pressure
  (14.7 pounds per square inch (p.s.i.)
• Marine organisms are under much more due to air
  pressure and water pressure (water weighs more
  than air).
• Gas filled structures like air bladders and lungs
  are compressed.