Chapter 8 Test Review

1
Chapter 8 Test Review

• The South and West Transformed
• 1865-1900

2
People, Places Things

• cash crop
• a crop grown not for its own use but to be sold
• Farmers Alliance
• Civil Rights Act of 1875
• legislation that gave black citizens the right to
  ride trains and use other public facilities
• Reservation
• a specific area set aside by the U.S. government
  for the use of Indians

3
People, Places Things

• vigilante
• a self-appointed enforcer of the law
• Transcontinental railroad
• a rail link between the East and the West
• land grant
• open range
• a system by which branded cattle were allowed to
  graze freely on unfenced property
• Homestead Act
• legislation that provided farm plots for people
  willing to live on and develop the land for five
  years

4
People, Places Things

• Sitting Bull
• Sioux Chief respected as a fighter and spiritual
  leader
• Little Big Horn
• the site of a victory by Indians led by Crazy
  Horse over 250 U.S. soldiers led by General
  George Custer
• Chief Joseph
• Wounded Knee
• the site where over 100 fleeing Indians were
  killed by U.S. troops
• assimilate
• to absorb into the culture of a population or
  group

5
People, Places Things

• Dawes General Allotment Act
• Sand Creek Massacre
• Exodusters

6
Main Ideas

• What crops did southern farmers mainly grow
  during Reconstruction?
• Tobacco and cotton
• How did white settlement of the West change the
  lives of Native Americans?
• It forced them from their lands and traditional
  ways of life
• What was the Native Americans situation at the
  end of the Indian Wars?
• They were forced to move west or north or to live
  on reservations.
• Beginning in the mid-1800s, why did large numbers
  of people move out West?
• to strike it rich by finding gold or silver.

7
Main Ideas

• If federal amendments protected African American
  rights, why did they still experience inequality
  such as segregation and limited ability to vote?
• because the Supreme Court allowed local and state
  courts to make laws for each local area
• What was the purpose of the Farmers Alliance?
• to negotiate lower prices for supplies
• How did new railroads benefit western cattle
  ranchers?
• provided a way to transport meat to eastern
  markets
• What was life like for a typical Homesteader?
• lonely, difficult, harsh