BIOCHEMISTRY

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BIOCHEMISTRY

• Chemistry of life
• Chemistry important to understand biological
  functions

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Some Vocab

• Matter- occupies space, has mass
• Element- pure substance- cant be broken down
  into anything else-1 kind of atom
• Compound- 2 or more elements chemically bonded

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Important Elements

• 96 of body is made of 4 elements
• Nitrogen (N)
• Carbon (C)
• Oxygen (O)
• Hydrogen(H)
• Other 4 made of Ca, P, K, S, Mg trace elements
• Needed in tiny amounts- Fe, Se, I

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Chemistry Review

• Atoms
• Protons ()
• Neutrons (neutral)
• Electrons (-)
• Protons Atomic
• Protons Neutrons Atomic Mass (nucleus)-
• Atoms can have different masses ISOTOPES

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• Electrons- outside nucleus- in orbitals(energy
  levels)
• Responsible for bonding
• Atoms can gain or lose 1 or more electrons IONS

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Chemical Bonds

• Why do atoms bond?
• To fill outermost energy level (stability)
• Atoms can transfer electrons to another atom-
  IONIC BOND
• OR
• Atoms can share electrons- COVALENT BOND (most
  bonds in living organisms)
• Hydrogen bonds- well discuss later

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Modeling Bonds

• Usually a dash is used to represent a bond
  between 2 atoms (see board)
• This bond is 1 pair of electrons being shared
• If two pairs are shared use 2 dashes
• If 3 pairs are shared- use 3 dashes

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Draw these molecules

• Examples NH3 CH4 CO2

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Types of compounds

• Inorganic- contain no carbon-carbon bonds
• 1. Carbon dioxide
• -used as a source of carbon in photosynthesis to
  fix energy into sugars
• -by-product of animal respiration and some
  natural processes
• 2. Minerals
• -many are coenzymes- help reactions happen
• -needed in varying amounts to build complex
  compounds for life

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• 3. Water
• -most important inorganic compound for living
  organisms
• -composes 65-95 of all living organisms
• -provides environments for many organisms
• -has good heat absorbing and releasing
  capabilities
• -Polar molecule

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Organic Compounds

• A. Are molecules containing carbon- carbon bonds
• B. Carbon forms the structural backbone of all
  major life sustaining compounds
• C. Carbon can bond with up to 4 atoms at one
  time

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• D. Can bond with other carbons to form long
  chains or rings.
• E. Four major groups
• 1. CARBOHYDRATES
• 2. LIPIDS
• 3. PROTEINS (ENZYMES)
• 4. NUCLEIC ACIDS

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• What 3 subatomic particles compose an atom?

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• Name 2 types of chemical bonds.

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• What are pure substances called that cannot be
  broken down into any other kinds of atoms?

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• Atomic tells the number of ________ in an atom.

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• What subatomic particles are responsible for
  chemical bonds?