The War in the Pacific

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The War in the Pacific

• The United States in World War II 3

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I. The Allies Stem the Japanese Tide

• A. Battles in the Pacific
• 1. After Pearl Harbor, General Douglas MacArthur
  army was forced to retreat from the Philippines.
• 2. The Doolittle raid lifted American morale
  when 16 bombers dropped bombs over Tokyo.

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• 3. The Battle of the Coral Sea in May 1942
  resulted in the Americans and Australians
  succeeding in stopping the Japanese drive toward
  Australia.
• 4. The Battle of Midway on June 3, 1942 resulted
  in U.S. planes sinking 4 aircraft carriers and
  250 planes.
• 5. The Battle of Midway was a turning point in
  the war and the Americans began their island
  hopping toward Japan.

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• I shall return.
• MacArthurs pledge after he was forced to leave
  the Philippines.

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• Do the skill builder questions 1,2 on p. 580

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II. The Allies go on the Offensive

• A. Japanese Defense
• 1. After Midway the U.S. started winning
  battles.
• 2. The battle of Guadalcanal began in August
  1942 and after 6 months of fighting the Japanese
  had suffered their first defeat on land.
• 3. In October, 1944 MacArthur invaded the
  Philippines at Leyte Gulf and MacArthur had
  returned to free the Filipino people.

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• 4. As a result of these repeated defeats Japan
  began to use the Kamikaze.
• 5. The Kamikaze were Japanese pilots who crashed
  their bomb laden planes into U.S. ships.
• 6. Despite the damage of the Kamikaze pilots
  Japan lost 3 battleships, 4 aircraft carriers, 13
  cruisers and almost 500 planes in the battle for
  Leyte Gulf.

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• B. Iwo Jima
• 1. After the retaking of the Philippines
  Americans began to move quickly toward Japan.
• 2. Iwo Jima, an island of cold lava was defended
  by 20,700 Japanese soldiers in tunnels and caves.
• 3. 6,000 marines died taking this island and
  only 200 Japanese survived.

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• C. Okinawa
• 1. In April 1945 U.S. marines invaded Okinawa.
• 2. 7,600 marines died, but over 110,000 Japanese
  died.
• 3. The battle of Okinawa was a chilling preview
  to the loss of life that would occur if the
  Allies invaded Japan. Churchill predicted that
  one million Americans would lose their lives.

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III. The Atomic Bomb Ends the War

• A. The Manhattan Project
• 1. Led by Robert Oppenheimer this project was
  the most ambitious scientific experiment in
  history.
• 2. The first nuclear test took place in the
  desert near Alamogordo, New Mexico on July 16,
  1945.

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• B. Hiroshima and Nagasaki
• 1. The plane Enola Gay dropped the first atomic
  bomb, Little Boy on Hiroshima on August 6,
  1945.
• 2. The second bomb Fat Man was dropped on
  Nagasaki on August 9, 1945 after the Japanese
  refused to surrender.
• 3. Japan officially surrendered on September 2,
  1945 and WWII officially ended.

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IV. Rebuilding Begins

• A. Yalta, Nuremberg, and Japan
• 1. At the Yalta Conference in Feb, 1945 the Big
  Three discussed the fate of Germany and the
  creation of the United Nations.
• 2. The Nuremberg Trials were held to try Nazi
  party leaders for their war crimes and racial
  persecution of Jews.
• 3. MacArthur introduced capitalism to Japan,
  introduced free elections and rebuilt Japan from
  its ashes of defeat.

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