America in World War II 1941-1945

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The United States inWorld War II1941-1945

• PowerPoint by Mr. Hataway
• Created February 1, 2004
• Revised February 7, 2007
• Revision 2 January 15, 2013

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Bellringer

• Who was Kilroy?
• Legend starts with James J. Kilroy, a shipyard
  inspector during WWII. He chalked the words on
  bulkheads to show that he had been there and
  inspected the riveting in the newly constructed
  ship. To the troops in those ships, however, it
  was a complete mystery all they knew for sure
  was that he had "been there first."

• As a joke, they began placing the graffiti
  wherever they (the US forces) landed or went,
  claiming it was already there when they arrived.
  Kilroy became the US super-GI who always got
  there first wherever GI's went.

http//www.kilroywashere.org/001-Pages/01-0KilroyL
egends.html
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Cornell Notes Three Questions

• Today, I will learn . . .
• The War in the Pacific Theater Island Hopping.
• I will learn it by . . .
• Take notes using Cornell Notes Strategy
  listening skills, write questions in side
  margins, summarize notes.
• I have learned it when I can . . .
• Create a database of World War II battles.

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Essential Question

• What strategies did the Allies / Americans use to
  win the war in the Pacific?

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The United States in World War IITHE PACIFIC
THEATER
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The Pacific Theater
FYI

• Defeating Germany first had NOT meant abandoning
  the Pacific to Japan. While armies were being
  trained and materials accumulated for the
  European struggle, Americans kept an active
  defense against further Japanese expansion. The
  main goal of the active defense was to hold
  Hawaii and Samoa and keep vital shipping lines
  open from the U.S. to Australia.

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Stemming the Japanese Tide

• Halting Japanese Advances
• Doolittle Raid bombing of Tokyo, April 1942

http//www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/wwii-pac
/misc-42/dooltl.htm
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Stemming the Japanese Tide
http//64.70.201.125/wings/part2/01_doolittle.html
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Stemming the Japanese Tide

• Halting Japanese Advances
• Battle of Coral Sea (48 May 1942),
• Battle of Midway (4-7 May 1942)
• Admiral Yamamoto force showdown at Midway Island
• Battle marked turning point in Pacific war.
• Americans sent 4 large Japanese aircraft carriers
  to the bottom of the ocean.
• Guadalcanal (Aug. 1942-Feb. 1943)

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Allies on the Offensive

• Two Roads to Tokyo
• Adm. Nimitz led Marines from Micronesia to
  Okinawa (June 1945)
• Gen. MacArthur led army back to the Philippines
  from New Guinea (Feb. 1945)

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Allies on the Offensive

• Battle Strategies
• Leapfrogging (or Island Hopping) taking every
  third island as a base

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James F. Lowell

• James Lowell, grandfather of La Vega High teacher
  Mr. Dennis Hataway.
• Served in World War II from October 1941 until
  January 3, 1946

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James F. Lowell

• East Coast 7th AAA Automatic Weapons Battalion
• Broke nose when 50 caliber machine gun misfired.
• Transported equipment from depots on the east
  coast to west coast.

Company Lowell served in when he first enlisted.
77th out of New York
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James F. Lowell

• From 1943 thru 1945, served under command of
  General MacArthur
• Participated in the Island Hopping Campaign.
• Fought on the Island of Guam, Philippines,
  Iwo Jima, and Okinawa.

James F. Lowell (1942) Grandfather of Mr. Hataway
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Allies on the Offensive

• Japanese perimeter collapses (1943-45)
• Battle of Leyte Gulf (Oct. 23-26, 1944)
• near the Philippines
• largest naval battle in history
• first time the Japanese used kamikaze attacks.
• General MacArthur retakes the Philippines I
  have returned

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Allies on the Offensive

• Japanese perimeter collapses (1943-45)
• Battles of Iwo Jima(Feb. Mar. 1945) and Okinawa
  (Apr. Jun. 1945) won air bases close to Japan
  costing 6,800 and 12,000 American soldiers lives
  respectively.
• Tokyo fire bombed 80,000 civilians killed.

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Bellringer/Quickwrite 1/18/13

• Should nuclear weapons ever be used? Why or why
  not?

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Cornell Notes Three Questions

• Today, I will learn . . .
• Decision to drop the atomic bomb.
• I will learn it by . . .
• Take notes using Cornell Notes Strategy
  listening skills, write questions in side
  margins, summarize notes.
• I have learned it when I can . . .
• Write a story about survival after an atomic bomb
  drops.

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Essential Question

• Why did President Truman decide to drop the
  atomic bomb on Japan instead of a full scale
  invasion?

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The New Weapon

• Manhattan Project
• Los Alamos, NM
• Military Gen. Leslie R. Groves.
• Scientists Albert Einstein, Enrico Fermi, and
  Robert Oppenheimer

General Leslie R. Groves (left)and Dr. J. Robert
Oppenhiemer
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The New Weapon

• Manhattan Project
• Bomb tested July 16, 1945
• White Sands, New Mexico
• Robert Oppenheimer, though delighted about the
  success, quoted the Bhagavad Gita. "I am become
  Death, the destroyer of worlds.
• Ken Bainbridge, the test director, told
  Oppenheimer, "Now we're all sons of bitches."

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Decision to Drop The Bomb

• President Franklin D. Roosevelt died April 12,
  1945 beginning of 4th term

This is a picture of Franklin D. Roosevelt taken
on April 11, 1945 one day before he died.
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Decision to Drop The Bomb

• Harry S. Truman, new V.P., now Pres.
• Advisers warn that an invasion of Japan will cost
  millions of American lives.
• After the development of the atomic bomb, issued
  Japan an ultimatum to surrender unconditionally.

President Harry S. Truman, April 1945. Photo by
Chase-Statler. Public domain.
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Decision to Drop The Bomb

• Potsdam Conference
• Jul 28 -Aug 1, 1945)
• Truman hints to Stalin we have a new, devastating
  weapon

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Dropping the Atomic Bomb

• On 6 August 1945, the Enola Gay, a B-29
  Superfortress, dropped the atomic bomb,
  code-named "Little Boy", targeted at the city of
  Hiroshima, Japan.

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Dropping the Atomic Bomb
Hiroshima, Japan
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Dropping the Atomic Bomb

• Hiroshima (Aug. 6, 1945)
• Nagasaki (Aug. 9, 1945)
• Soviet Union declares war on Japan same day

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Japan Surrenders

• V-J Day (August 14, 1945)
• American occupation under General Douglas
  MacArthur
• End divinity of the emperor

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Chart 5-5
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Chart 5-6
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Creation of the United Nations

• A series of meetings between the Big Three,
  Churchill, Stalin, and Roosevelt where they
  agreed to the formation of the United Nations
  as one of the first crucial post-war actions.

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Creation of the United Nations

• The United Nations was convened in San Francisco
  in June. Fifty-one countries signed the UN
  Charter as founding members on 26 June, 1945.
• Headquarters located in New York City. Official
  Languages are Arabic, Chinese, English, French,
  Russian, and Spanish.

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