ORIGINS OF THE WAR

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ORIGINS OF THE WAR

• Japanese aggression
• Manchuria
• Mongolia
• China
• When? 1931-40
• Why? Natural Resources
• Oil
• Rubber
• Tin
• Metals

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AMERICA ENTERS THE WAR

• When?
• 1941
• Why?
• Pearl Harbor Attack
• December 7, 1941
• Japan declares war on U.S.
• Tripartite Pact members follow
• Japanese Motivations
• Eliminate threat posed by U.S. Pacific Fleet
• Open up Western Pacific / East Asia for
  exploitation
• Japanese Government dominated by Tojo Army
• Japan Strikes Where?
• Hawaii Pearl Harbor (US)
• Philippines (US)
• French Indochina (Fr.)
• Southeast Asia (UK)
• Indonesia (Holland)

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JAPANESE ZERO, 1941-42PRIMARY FIGHTER PLANE OF
JAPANESE NAVY ARMY
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THE PACIFIC CAMPAIGN

• Who leads the way?
• U.S. Navy Adm. Chester W. Nimitz
• U.S. Army Gen. Douglas MacArthur
• USMC forces under his command
• Strategy
• 2-Pronged Strategey
• -Strangle Japanese shipping
• -Isolate Eliminate Japanese held islands
• Additional 3rd Element
• -Bombing campaign against Japanese mainland
• Where?
• Central Pacific USN / USMC
• South Pacific USA, USAAF, USN / USMC
• Allied Forces Australia

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The Major Battles

• May, 1942 Coral Sea - Tie
• June, 1942 Midway Turning Point in War
• Jul.42 Aug.43 New Guinea
• Aug.42 Feb.43 Guadalcanal
• Nov.43 Tarawa
• June, 1944 Saipan
• Oct.44 - Feb.45 Philippines Invasion
• Feb.45 Iwo Jima
• April, 1945 Okinawa

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MIDWAY

• When? June 4-5, 1942
• Where? Central Pacific Midway Island
• Who?
• Japanese Fleet (Admiral Nagumo) 4 Carriers
• U.S. Fleet (Admiral Nimitz) 3 Carriers
• Results
• Devastating defeat for Japan All 4 carriers
  sunk
• U.S. loses 1 carrier
• Turning point in the Pacific war
• Japan now on defensive until end of war

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U.S.S. YORKTOWN, CV-5
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DAUNTLESS DIVE BOMBERU.S. NAVY, 1942

• PRIMARY DIVE BOMBER OF U.S. NAVY USMC IN
  PACIFIC THEATRE

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DESTRUCTION OF JAPANESE FLEET, BATTLE OF MIDWAY
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The End of the War

• Japan Loses Ground Why?
• U.S. submarine campaign
• Massive U.S. bombing campaign
• Heavy battlefield casualties
• Desperate measures
• Kamikaze (Define) campaign
• No surrender on battlefield
• Homeland defense training
• U.S. Closes in How will the war End?

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The Atomic Bomb

• When?
• 1942 -1945
• Where?
• Oak Ridge, Tennessee
• Los Alamos, New Mexico
• Codename The Manhattan Project
• Who?
• Gen. Leslie Groves
• J. Robert Oppenheimer
• The First Test
• July 16, 1945
• Trinity Site, Alamogordo, New Mexico
• Success

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THE MANHATTAN PROJECT
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TRINITY TEST SITE TOWER
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TRINITY TEST, JULY 16, 1945
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DETONATION SEQUENCE

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10 SEC. AFTER DETONATION
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DETONATION FROM DISTANCE
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To Bomb Or Not To Bomb

• Why drop the bomb?
• Prevent an invasion of Japan
• Prevent the risk of massive casualties
• End the war more quickly
• Why Not?
• Is it ethical?
• Do we really need to?
• Do we understand the long-term effects?
• What do YOU think?

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THE ATOMIC BOMBINGS

• When?
• August 6, 1945 Hiroshima
• August 9, 1945 Nagasaki
• Effect? Describe
• Result? Sept. 2, 1945 Japan Surrenders
• World War II Ends

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TIBBETS SWEENY
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• Major
• Charles Sweeny,
• U.S. Army A.F.,
• Lead Pilot,
• Nagasaki Mission

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NAGASAKI BOMBER B-29 SUPERFORTRESS BOCKS CAR
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AERIAL VIEW - NAGASAKI BEFORE BOMBING
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AERIAL VIEW NAGASAKI AFTER BOMBING
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NAGASAKI BOMBINGAUGUST 9, 1945
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LITTLE MAN ATOMIC BOMB
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FAT BOY ATOMIC BOMB
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TYPES OF ATOM BOMBS

• Hiroshima
• Gun Bomb
• Nagasaki
• Implosion Bomb

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ATOMIC BOMB FIGURES

• WW II ATOMIC BOMBS
• 1000 TONS OF TNT 1 KILOTON
• WW II BOMBS 13,000 TONS 13 KILOTONS
• 1952 HYDROGEN BOMB
• 1 MIL. TONS OF TNT 1 MEGATON
• HYDROGEN BOMB 3 MIL. TONS OF TNT 3 MEGATONS
• 1955 U.S. HAD 30,000 MEGATONS OF NUCLEAR
  WEAPONRY
• ALL EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE USED BY ALL NATIONS IN
  WWII ADDED TOGETHER 1.2 MEGATONS

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HIROSHIMA AFTER BOMBING
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• HIROSHIMA
• SHADOW

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NAGASAKI AFTERMATH
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NAGASAKI DEAD, 1945
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JAPANESE URBAN TARGETS
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NAGASAKI BLAST RADIUS
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NAGASAKI BOMB CASUALTIES

• DISTANCE FROM GROUND ZERO (KM)
• 0-1.0 km 88 Killed, 6 Injured, Pop. 30,900
• 1.0-2.5 km 34 Killed, 29 Injured, Pop.
  27,700
• 2.5-5.0 km 11 Killed, 10 Injured, Pop.
  115,200
• TOTAL 22 Killed, 12 Injured,Pop. 173,800

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ATOMIC BOMB CASUALTIES
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BOMBING EFFECTS ON JAPAN
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20-KILOTON BLAST ESTIMATE
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