Imperialists vs. Anti-Imperialists

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Splendid Little WarSpanish American War

• Imperialists vs. Anti-Imperialists

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Cuban RebellionFebruary 1895

• General Weyler The Butcher, 50,000 troops, Jose
  Martí, junta
• Spanish colonies, reconcentration camps, Civil
  War
• Cuba rural, Caribbean
• Protect Spanish empire, quell revolts/rebellion
• The old, the young, the weak, and the crippled
  NY World Cubans inspired by our glorious
  example of beneficent free institutions and
  successful self-government Over 320,000 Cubans
  died

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Hearst Purchases the Journal1895

• Hearst The Journal vs. Pulitzer The World
• Yellow Journalism - sensational press, biased
  and exploits suffering death
• New York
• to sway public and to ? newspaper sales
• Encouraged American involvement rallies,
  fundraisers, intervention

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DeLôme Letter published in the JournalFebruary
1898

• Spanish Minister to the US Dupuy DeLome
• Personal letter intercepted, referred to McKinley
  as weak and hypocritical
• Published in The Journal Hearst
• the worst insult to the United States in its
  history
• McKinley pressed toward war public supports
  junta

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USS Maine ExplodesFebruary 1898

• U.S. Navy yellow journalists
• U.S. Battleship sent to protect American
  interests in Cuba following revolts exploded
  killing 272 men
• Havana Harbor, Cuba
• Remember the Maine to Hell with Spain!
  internal defect
• Sunk by an act of dirty treachery on the part of
  the Spaniardsno action chocolate éclair T.R.
  

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US Declares War on SpainApril 1898

• President McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, U.S.
  Congress
• Declaration of War Teller Amendment US has no
  intentions of annexing Cuba ?
• Cuba, Philippines, Puerto Rico
• Political pressure (press/public) the most
  honorable single war in all history, without
  the slightest though or desire of foreign
  conquest or of national gain. Sen. Hoar
• vs. European view American-Brit Society for
  International Theft and Warmongeringto snatch
  Cuba from Spain. Kaiser Wilhelm

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Dewey in the PhilippinesMay 1898

• Assistant Sec. of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt,
  Admiral Dewey, Aguinaldo
• Fleet sent by T.R. (before dec. of war) to ensure
  the Spanish squadron does not leave the Asiatic
  coast
• Manila Bay, Philippines
• Split/weaken Spanish
• No Americans died in battle, easy victory!!

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Roosevelt in CubaJune 1898

• (former Asst. Sec. of Navy) Theodore Roosevelt
  Rough Riders
• Charge up Kettle Hill to defeat Spanish forces
• Kettle Hill near Santiago
• Colonel Roosevelt sought excitement of battle
  political glory expansion
• African American troops cleared the hill first
  protected T.R.s flank
• T.R. became NY Governor

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Peace TreatyNovember 1898

• McKinley, Senate, Spain
• U.S. gained Puerto Rico Guam, paid 20million
  for 7,000 islands of Philippines, Platt Amendment
  declared Cuba as U.S. protectorate
• Caribbean, S.E. Asia
• Splendid Little War Sec. State John Hay, Naval
  Victories easy, land war 385 battle deaths, ?
  5,000 disease 4 months long
• US EmpireSpain epic loss

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Teller Amendment
Platt Amendment
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Philippines Annexation

• Imperialists vs. Anti-Imperialists

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Philippines War FACTS

• 1899-1902
• 126,000 American troops served, 4,234 died, 2,800
  wounded
• 18,000 Filipinos died in combat, ? 200,000
  Filipino casualties from famine/disease
• the more you kill and burn, the better you
  please me. General Jacob H. Smith
• ? Racism
• Following war Taft appointed Governor
  established gov., courts, hospitals,
  immunization, schoolsetc.
• Philippines liberated post-WWII

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The Arguments
And just beyond the Philippines are China's
illimitable markets. We will not retreat from
either. We will not repudiate our duty in the
archipelago. We will not abandon our opportunity
in the Orient. We will not renounce our part in
the mission of our race, trustee, under God, of
the civilization of the world...
And just beyond the Philippines are China's
illimitable markets. We will not retreat from
either. We will not repudiate our duty in the
archipelago. We will not abandon our opportunity
in the Orient. We will not renounce our part in
the mission of our race, trustee, under God, of
the civilization of the world...

• Pro-Annexation
• Take up the White Man's burden--Send forth the
  best ye breed--Go bind your sons to exileTo
  serve your captives' needTo wait in heavy
  harness,On fluttered folk and wild--Your
  new-caught, sullen peoples,Half-devil and
  half-child.
• The White Mans Burden by Rudyard Kipling
• And just beyond the Philippines are China's
  illimitable marketsWe will not repudiate our
  duty in the archipelago. We will not abandon our
  opportunity in the Orient. We will not renounce
  our part in the mission of our race, trustee,
  under God, of the civilization of the world..they
  are not capable of self-government Senator
  Albert J. Beveridge

• Against Annexation
• extinguish the spirit of 1776 in those islands.
  We deplore the sacrifice of our soldiers and
  sailors, whose bravery deserves admiration even
  in an unjust war. We denounce the slaughter of
  the Filipinos as a needless horror. We protest
  against the extension of American sovereignty by
  Spanish methods
• -American Anti-Imperialist League
• whether Congress may conquer and may govern,
  without their consent and against their will, a
  foreign nation, a separate, distinct, and
  numerous people, a territory not hereafter to be
  populated by Americans, to be formed into
  American states and to take its part in
  fulfilling and executing the purposes for which
  the Constitution was framed
• -Senator George Hoar

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The Arguments

• Pro-Annexation
• I hope and believe that we shall retain the
  islands, and that, peace and order once restored,
  we shall and should reestablish civil
  government.... We should give them honest
  administration, and prompt and efficient courts.
  We should see to it that there is entire
  protection to persons and propertyAll men should
  be protected in the free exercise of their
  religion, and the doors thrown open to
  missionaries of all Christian sectswe should, as
  rapidly as conditions permit, bestow upon them
  self-government and home rule
• -Senator Henry Cabot Lodge

• Against Annexation
• They were fighting for their freedom against
  Spanish tyranny two years ago, and they continued
  to fight up to the time when Aguinaldo left the
  islands and went to Singapore they continued to
  fight, as our own consul said, after he left
  they never did cease, some of them there never
  was peace and now the question which addresses
  itself to every American who loves his flag and
  loves his great country and loves the great
  principle upon which that flag rests and that
  country is founded is this Are we to take the
  place of Spain as their taskmasters and
  oppressors? Do governments derive their powers
  from the consent of the governed?-Senator
  Benjamin Tillman

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Do you agree with the Presidents decision below?
Explain.

• There was nothing left for us to do but to take
  them all, and to educate the Filipinos, and to
  uplift and civilize and Christianize them, and by
  God's grace to do the very best we could by them
  as our fellow men for whom Christ also died
• -President William McKinley