Title: Solutions: More Vocab
1SolutionsMore Vocab
2Soluble
- Soluble capable of being dissolved
- A substance that dissolves in another substance
is said to be soluble in that substance
3Insoluble
- A substance that does not dissolve in another
substance
4- Solubility maximum amount substance that
dissolves in given amount of another substance - LIMIT to amount solute that dissolves in given
amount solvent - affected by temperature and pressure
5- Rate of dissolving is different from amount that
will dissolve! - Rate is how fast
- Amount is how much
6Factors that affect the rate of dissolving
- temperature
- stirring or agitation
- amount of surface area of solute
- amount of solute already dissolved
7Dissolving
- Dissolving is physical change
- Reminder all physical chemical changes
accompanied by change in energy
8- dissolved covalent substances
- produce molecules in solution
- C6H12O6(s) H2O(l)? C6H12O6(aq)
9dissolved ionic substances produce ions in
solution
NaCl(s)H2O(l) ? Na1(aq) Cl-1(aq)
10Solvation
- Interaction between solvent molecules solute
particles - solute particles surrounded by solvent particles
during dissolving process - Solute particles may be
- ions
- polar molecules
- non-polar molecules
- Solvent molecules may be
- polar
- non-polar
11Hydration
- describes solvent-solute interaction when
solvent is water
12Hydration of chloride ion Also called
molecule-ion interaction
13Solute-solvent interaction must be greater than
interaction between solute particles
for dissolving to occur
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15Solubility
- amount solute dissolved in specific solvent at
given TEMPERATURE and PRESSURE - units
- grams solute per 100 grams solvent
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18Vocabulary Interlude
- Miscible two liquids that WILL MIX
- together in any amounts
- Water and ethanol are miscible in all proportions
- Immiscible liquids that will NOT MIX
- Oil and water are immiscible
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20Types of Solutions
21Electricity
- What do you need to conduct electricity?
Mobile, positively charged particles!!!!
22Vocabulary Interlude
- Electrolyte
- substance that dissolves in water to form
solution that conducts electricity - ions in solution
- Nonelectrolyte
- substance that dissolves in water to form
solution that does not conduct electricity - neutral molecules in solution
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24Dilute vs. Concentrated
- Concentrated
- large amounts of solute
- Dilute
- small amounts of solute
25Which solution is most dilute? The most
concentrated? How can you tell?
The stronger the color, the more concentrated the
solution
26To dilute a Solution add MORE solvent
27Which solution is more concentrated? More
dilute? What can you say about the of solute
particles in pictures b and c?
28Unsaturated Solution
- Less than maximum amount solute that will
dissolve at given T and P
29Saturated Solution
- No more solute will dissolve at given T P
- Solubility amount solute required to form
saturated solution
30The solution is saturated when the solute stops
dissolving
31Dynamic Equilibrium in Saturated Solution
Microscopic level Rate dissolving Rate
recrystallization Macroscopic level No
apparent change
32Supersaturated Solution
- Contains more solute than saturated solution
- VERY unstable
- have to be clever to make these (need to use heat)
33Testing for saturation
- add additional crystal of solute into solution
and see what happens
343 possible results
Unsaturated solution
- Crystal dissolves
- Crystal sinks to bottom of solution
-
Bam! Suddenly have
- lots of solid
solute - in beaker
Saturated solution
Supersaturated solution
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36How do terms saturated, unsaturated
supersaturated fit in with the solubility
curves?
37- Saturated solns
- any point on trace line
- (max solute dissolved)
-
- Supersaturated solns
- all points above trace lines (more than max)
- Unsaturated solutions
- all points below trace lines (less than max)
38Characterize points A, B, C, D with respect to
KNO3 trace line (dilute, concentrated,
saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated)
A,C concentrated supersaturated Bconcentrat
ed saturated
39Solubility Graphs
- Traces have positive or negative slopes
- Most solids have positive slope
- the hotter the water, the more solute dissolves
- The colder the water, the less solute dissolves
- All gases have negative slope
- the hotter the water, the less gas dissolves
- The colder the water, the more gas dissolves
40Summary of Dissolving
- Occurs at surface of solid
- Interaction between solute solvent
- Interaction called solvation
- Interaction called hydration (if solvent is
H2O) - Involves change in energy
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