SOL 10

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World War II

• SOL 10 11

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Totalitarian GovernmentOn Vocab. List!!!

• Complete control over the people!!!!!
• EX) Joseph StalinRussia
• Benito MussoliniItaly
• Adolf HitlerGermany

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Joseph StalinRussiaOn Vocab list!!!

• Collective Farms
• Five Year Plans
• Purges

• Govt took control of all farms
• To Industrialize
• Eliminate any threats to power

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Benito MussoliniItalyOn Vocab List

• Estab. Fascist Party 1921
• King appointed him head of govt
• Black Shirts

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Adolf HitlerGermanyOn Vocab list!!!

• Nazi Party
• Mein Kampf
• Aryans master race
• Unify all German speaking ppl

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Japans Invasion of Manchuria (1931)

• Wanted more living space
• League of Nations condemned Japan Japan left
  League

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Japans invasion of Manchuria (1931)

• Hitlers Response
• 1933 pulled out of League
• 1935 built up military
• 1936 went into Rhineland
• League did nothing!

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Japans Invasion of Manchuria (1931)

• USAs Response
• Refused to recognize Japans conquests in Asia
• Imposed an embargo on exports of oil steel to
  Japan

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Mussolini Invades Ethiopia

• Ethiopia asked League for help!!!!
• League did NOTHING!!!!!!!!!

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Spanish Civil War

• King of Spain abdicated throne
• New republic w/reforms
• Spanish Nationalists (or Falange) led by
  Francisco Franco
• Germany and Italy sent aid to help Franco
• France, U.S., and Great Britain send aid to
  counter Franco
• Franco became dictatorbut did not join
  Rome-Berlin Axis

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Neutrality ActsUSAOn Vocab list!!

• 1935 couldnt sell arms/ loan to nations _at_ war
  

Isolationism
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Hitler's Acts of Aggression

• Austria
• Sudetenland
• Poland

• 1938 (aga. Treaty)
• 1938
• Blitzkrieg lightening war
• Sep. 1, 1939
• Began WWII

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Hitler's Acts of Aggression

• Withdrew from the League in 1933
• Hitler announced rearm his country
• 1936troops sent into Rhineland
• Germany and Italy formed treaty to prevent the
  spread of communism
• Hitler wanted Anschluss-unionwith Austria
• Hitler convinced Austrian chancellor to appoint
  Nazis to key positions

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Hitler's Acts of Aggression

• Austria appealed to the westbut ignored
• March 1938Austria annexed
• Czechoslovakia3 million Germans in
  SudetenlandHitler demanded this
  region09/12/1939give it to him or he would take
  by force
• Neville ChamberlainBritish Prime Ministerset a
  meetingaccepted Hitlers demands
• Policy of appeasementgranting concessions to
  maintain peacedoes not work with Hitler!!!

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Hitler's Acts of Aggression

• Hitler not satisfiedraised demands
• Mussolini offered compromisegive Hitler
  Sudetenland and Hitler promised not to take any
  more territory and to settle w/negotiation
• Chamberlain thoughtpeace preserved Hitler
  invaded Czech. 03/15/1939
• Hitler can not be trusted

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Hitler's Acts of Aggression

• Hitler moved into Lithuania
• Mussolini invaded Albania
• Britain and France prepared for war
• They approached Stalinfeared Hitler would make
  an alliance
• Stalin negotiating with both sides
• August 1939Nazi-Soviet Pact

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Nazi-Soviet Pact

• Why would these two enemies become allies?
• For Germany, there would be no war on two fronts
• For Russia, it would give them time to prepare
  for war, because they knew that Germany would
  eventually want to invade the U.S.S.R. to conquer
  all of Europe

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Nazi-Soviet Pact cont

• Non-aggression Pact
• Germany and U.S.S.R. would not attack one another
  and would remain neutral if the other were
  attacked
• Two sides would divide Europe after the war

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WWII Begins!!

• Spark began in Poland
• Hitler wanted Port of Danzig in Polish Corridor
  (used to belong to Germany)
• 09/01/1939Germany annexed Danzig
• Air raids over Poland
• 2 days later France and Great Britain declared
  war on Germany

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Germany Attacks--Poland

• Blitzkrieg German for lightning warwith air
  raids
• On Poland
• Panzer unitsGerman tanks and armored trucks on
  ground
• Poles surrendered within one month

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Soviets attack!!

• Soviets march into Poland from eastdisappears
  from map!!
• Soviets then attacked Finland

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Germanys turn

• April 9, 1940---invaded Denmark and Norway
  (w/help from collaborators)people willing to
  help their countrys enemies
• Hitler took Scandinavia for an outlet to the
  Atlanticnot get blocked in like WWI

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Great Britain feels pressure

• Hitler moved in a little too close for comfort
• People angry at Neville Chamberlain and
  appeasementresigned
• May 1940Winston Churchill in

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Fall of France

• British rescued Allies from across English
  Channel (Miracle at Dunkirk)
• Italy invaded France from South
• Germans closed in on Paris from NorthHitler
  failed to attack retreating troopsAxis
  mistakemorale booster for Allies

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Battle of Britain

• Germans trying to destroy
• British Royal
• Air Force (RAF)
• Used Luftwaffe (German air force)
• RAF used radar
• Hitler called
• off invasion!
• http//images.google.com/imgres?imgurlhttp//news
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WWII and the U.S.

• U.S. divided at beginning of war
• Isolationists
• Cash and Carry
• U.S. gave Britain 50 old warships
• Enacts a draft lawthe firs during peacetime
• U.S. passed Lend-Lease Actwar materials on
  credit
• Roosevelt/Churchill draft Atlantic Charter

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Atlantic Chartergoals of war for the U.S. and
G.B.

• No territorial gain
• No boundary changes w/o consent of people
• Gave people the right to choose form of govt
• Equal trade rights
• Economic cooperation for benefit of citizens
• Freedom from fear
• Freedom of seas
• Abolish use of forceuse system of general
  security (international organization)
• By Nov. 1941the U.S. was a non-belligerent ally

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Hitler turns to new territories

• By fall 1940-Germany held almost all of western
  Europe he now turns to Balkans
• June 1941Germany had all Balkans except Turkey
  (signed a neutrality agreement w/Hitler)
• Next targetSuez CanalTurkey refused to let
  troops through to oil fields of middle east

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HitlerAfrica??

• Started N. African campaign
• Led by Gen. Erwin Rommelthe Desert Fox
• Drove British out of Libya and into Egypt

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Alliances begin to fade

• Soviets angry about Hitlers claims in the
  Balkanstheir sphere of influence
• Hitler told the Soviets to get their own Sphere
  of Influence in Asia
• June 22, 1941Germany invaded the Soviet
  Unionw/o formal declaration of war

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Soviet Union invaded!!

• Soviets driven back past Moscow and Leningrad
• Used scorched-earth policy
• Pushed Stalin back to Stalingradused the winter
  to their advantage to weaken the Germans

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Hitlers New Order

• Master Plan to create a New Order for Europe
• Single, political, and economic system ruled from
  Berlin by the Aryan race
• Hitler wanted S.U. for food and raw materials and
  planned to starve the Sovietsthey were inferior
  to the Slavs
• (planned to eliminate inferior elementsesp. Jews)

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Hitlers New Order cont

• Annihilation of all European JewsFinal Solution
• Holocaust systematic destruction of almost an
  entire race
• Genocide extermination
• Placed in ghettos, then concentration camps where
  6 million of 11 were killedAnti-Semitism

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Hitlers New Order cont

• 1938ghettos and Kristalnackt or night of glass-
  shops and synagogues and Jews attacked
• 2000 businesses
• 600 synagogues
• 100 Jews killed
• 35,000 arrested

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Japans Aggressions

• Wanted control of East Asiastarted with small
  islands
• 1940 Joined Germany and Italy
• U.S. responded w/sanctions
• Tensions mounted when Hideki Tojo established a
  militaristic govt

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Pearl HarborOn Vocab. List!!

• Japan attacked while negotiating peace w/U.S.
• Air Attack w/out warning
• Dec. 7, 1941
• a date that will live in infamy--FDR

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Soviets vs. Germans

• Soviets trapped Germans in Stalingrad in fall of
  1942
• Hitlers ordersto fight to the death, but
  surrendered in Jan. 1943

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Africa

• Allied reinforcements to El Alamein (Egypt) to
  help Britishpushed back to Libya and Tunisia
  Americans came in from Morocco and Algeria
  (forces led by Gen. Eisenhower)
• May 1943 Axis powers in N. Africa surrendered

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Help for Soviet Union

• Churchill called for southern invasion
  1943Operation Torch
• Allies took Sicily-then to mainland
• Mussolini forced to resign
• People of Italy surrendered and Italy declared
  war on Germany--Sept. 1943

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Island Hopping--Chester Nimitz

• Carried the war closer to Japan
• Series of victories
• Began w/ Battle of Midway
• Miracle of Midway
• Japanese victory would have allowed Japan to
  invade Hawaii
• Battles enabled Allies to begin an offensive
  against Japan

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Pacific Theater

• Battle of Coral SeaMay 1942Japanese suffered
  their first set-back
• 2 battles enabled Allies to begin an offensive
  against Japan
• Soloman IslandsAllied invasion of Japanese
  controlled territory

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Douglas MacArthurOn Vocab List!!

• Supreme Commander of Allied Powers
• Accepted surrender from Emperor Hirohito

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Victory in Europe

• Operation Overlord
• NormandyD-Day June 6, 1944largest amphibious
  landing
• Battle of the Bulge
• Mussolinicaptured, shot, hanged upside down in
  the middle of town
• Feb. 1945Yalta Conference
• Soviets took BerlinHitler found out and
  committed suicide on April 30, 1945
• New German govt surrendered on May 8,
  1945Victory in Europe Day!!!

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Victory in Japan

• Hideki TojoJapanese General

• HirohitoEmperor of Japan

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Victory in Japan

• Attacked island of Iwo Jimatook one month
• Okinawa was nextKamikaze missionsdamaged many
  allied ships
• Allies blockaded Japan and immobilized their
  navybut refused to surrender

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Victory in Japan cont

• Feb. 1945the Big Three metRoosevelt, Churchill,
  and StalinYalta Conference
• Germany would be divided and occupied by Allied
  troops
• Democratic elections should be held in free areas
  of Europe
• July 1945Potsdam Conference in BerlinTruman and
  new P.M of G.B.planned occupation of Germany and
  unconditional surrender of JapanJapan refused
  their ultimatum

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Victory in Japan cont

• Allies had A-Bomb (Manhattan Project)
• Truman decided to drop the bomb
• August 6, 1945, the Enola Gay, a B-29 bomber
  dropped the first bomb over Hiroshima
• August 9, 1945, 2nd bomb dropped over Nagasaki
• August 14, 1945, Japan unconditionally
  surrendered
• Sept. 2, 1945they officially surrendered aboard
  the U.S.S. Missouri V-J Day!!!

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Costs of the War

• Most destructive in history
• 22 million dead
• 34 million wounded
• 6 million Jews
• The big change was that this kind of destruction
  became accepted practice and the killing of
  civilians was acceptable!

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Nuremberg LawsOn Vocab List!!

• 1935
• Took citizenship away from Jews
• Yellow Star of David

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Cash and CarryOn Vocab. List!!

• Neutrality Acts of 1939
• Roosevelt
• Warring nations could buy in cash and carry
  w/them!

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Axis PowersOn Vocab. List!!

• Germany, Italy, Japan

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Lend-Lease ActOn Vocab. List!!

• Lend/Lease arms to any country whose defense was
  vital to the U.S.
• March 1941

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AlliesOn Vocab. List!!

• Britain, France, United States, Soviet Union

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Defeat Hitler FirstOn Vocab. List!!

• America its allies war strategy
• USA forces targeted for Europe

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Dwight D. EisenhowerOn Vocab. List!!

• Led Allied troops D-Day
• German occupied France June 6, 1944
• Liberated western Europe from Hitler begins here!

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Harry S. TrumanOn Vocab. List!!

• President
• Ordered the use of atomic bombs on Hiroshima
  Nagasaki
• To prevent horrendous casualties force Japanese
  to surrender

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KamikazeOn Vocab. List!!

• Japanese suicide bomber

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Yalta ConferenceOn Vocab. List!!

• Feb. 1945
• Allies (U.S., Br, SU)
• Divide Germany into Allied occupation zones (East
  West)